relationships

reciprocity

based on social exchange theory

people's view on relationships; costs and rewards

you like those who seem to like you

self-enhancement

:helping others make you feel good about yourself

people view their partners more favourably than oneself

origins of attraction:

cognitive level of analysis

sociocultural level of analysis

biological level of analysis

people tend to live close to those who live close by

social and cultural norms can determine who can be one's partner

contact and interaction may influence whom we are attracted to

west

:people are attracted to those with who hey have positive interaction with

frequency of interaction

Nahemow and Lawton in 1975 found that the distances between rooms at a campus predicted the relationship and attraction

We compare our our feelings to others' so we could understand ourselves better

interaction provides a sense of connection and attachment

--> we are social animals

ok, how about culture?

:cultural norms also play an important role in the formation and maintenance of relationships

many studies reflect western culture

--> society is even more diverse

Goodwin in 1995:

passionate love is a western culture phenomenon

Gupta and Singh found that couples in india who chose their partners are less satisfied than those are in arranged marriages

Simmons et al in 1986 found that romantic love was more valued in US and in Germany than in Japan

Dion and Dion in 1993; in traditional societies marriage is often seen as more than just the union of two individuals --> American see it as a lifetime companionship of those who are in love

Levine et al 1995 found that individualistic countries were more likely to rate love essential for marriage

Buss in 1994

:cross-cultural study

:37 cultures

:questionnaires about mate selection

:women ranked financial prospects higher than men

:

role of communication in maintaining relationships

happy relationships: attributions tend to be positively biased towards the partner

unhappy relationships: thinking that the person is always like something

communication attributions for negative events will could determine will the relationship end or nah

however, the quality of relationship will determine if they even fight or nah

meta-analysis: happily married had situational attributions and vice versa

attrubutions might influence how they behave towards each other

1993; the nature of attributions predicted the happiness of the marriage

Flora and Segrin 2003

:if women had negative feels about their hub that could mean problems in the marriage

ATTRIBUTIONS

ATTRIBUTIONS THAT PARTNERS MAKE ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE LEVELS OF SATISFACTION

SOCIAL PENETRATION THEORY

Altman and Taylor

close relationships are formed by gradual process of self-disclosure

closeness develops in gradual manner

self-disclosure =sharing of facts

disclosure can also make friendships closer

self-disclosure ---> attraction?

those who dsiclose are more liked than those who

--> we disclose to those who we like

women disclose more than men

--> women disclose more to women

--> women respond to someone's feelings with understanding

:men offer helpful advice rather than empathy