PY3106 - Chapter 12 - Behaviourism

PY3106 - Chapter 12 - Behaviourism

1. Russian Objective Psychology

   • Ivan M. Sechenov
     • Founder
     • Inhibition
       • Salted frog brains
       • Behaviour = excitation or inhibition of reflexes
     • Physiology or bust
   • Ivan Petrovich Pavlov
     • Interest in Physiology - Digestion
       • NOBEL PRIZE!
     • Discovered the Conditioned Reflex
       • Unconditioned Response - innate
         • triggered by Unconditioned Stimulus
           • Food powder
           • When US is paired with Conditioned Stimulus
             • Sight of Attendant
             • Results in Conditioned Response
               • Salivation
             • When CS repeatedly presented without US = EXTINCTION
               • Extinction + CS = SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY
             • First Signal System - CS relating to biologically significant events
               • ACTUAL FIRE!!!!
             • Second Signal System - symbols of physical events
               • The word "fire"
         • Salivation
       • Laws of Contiguity and Frequency
     • CNS activity = Excitation or Inhibition!
       • Pattern of which = Cortical Mosaic
     • Experimental Neurosis
       • Circle --> Ellipse
       • 4 types of animals - levels of Inhibition/Excitation
   • Vladimir M. Bechterev
     • First Russian Experimental Laboratory
     • Reflexology
       • Relationship between environmental influence and overt behaviour
     • Association Reflex

2. John B. Watson

   • Animal Education: Physical Development of the White Rat
   • Fucked with the sensory organs of rats in mazes
     • Kinesthetic sensation made difference
   • "Psychology as the Behaviourist Views It"
   • Great success in Advertising following scandal
   • 4 types of behaviour
     • Explicit Learned
     • Implicit Learned
     • Explicit Unlearned
     • Implicit Unlearned
   • Radical Environmentalism
     • Experience makes people what they are - not inheritance
       • Structure is Inherited
       • Fear, Rage, Love are Inherited
   • Emotions associated with stimuli through LEARNING
   • Little Albert
     • Later tried to extinguish fear in other kids
       • Peter and the Rabbit
         • One of first examples of Behaviour Therapy
   • Law of Recency
     • Final response is what organism will tend to make next time
   • Initially saw consciousness as Epiphenomenon, then physical monism
   • Radical Behaviourism
     • Explanation of behaviour cannot be in terms of unobserved internal events
     • Methodological Behaviourism
       • Nothing wrong with cog shit, but needs to be manifested in overt behaviour
   • THERE ARE NO INSTINCTS

3. Jacques Loeb

   • Tropism: Behaviour of simple organisms being automatically elicited by stimuli

4. William McDougall

   • Studied purposive behaviour
     • Behaviour = goal directed
     • Called it Hormic Psychology
     • Not stimulated by environment
     • People born with number of instincts, 3 components:
       • Perception
         • Behaviour
           • Emotion
   • FUCK YES, INSTINCTS