Attachment 1

Attachment 1

1. Caregiver-Infant Interactions

   • Reciprocity
     • How interact
       • Signals/ responses
     • Respond alertness 2/3
       • 3M frequent & close attention
         • Take turns
   • Interactional Synchrony
     • Reflect
       • Co- ordinated
     • Mirror
       • 1/3 expressions /gestures
         • Association (response)
     • 30 pairs
       • High synchrony
         • High attachment quality
   • Evaluation
     • Deliberate?
       • No perspective
         • Special meaning?
     • Controlled
       • Details
         • Don't change
           • Validity
     • Purpose synchrony?
       • Develop attachment

2. Attachment Figures

   • Parent-Infant
     • Mum first (7M)
       • Others after
         • 18M 75% dad
           • Protested
   • Role of Father
     • Quality mum
       • Later attachment
         • Dad less
           • Quality play related
   • Primary Fathers
     • Inc smile, imitate & hold
       • Like mum
         • Responsiveness
           • Not gender
   • Evaluation
     • Inconsistent
       • S-dad distinct
         • P-dad 'maternal'
           • Can't tell role
     • Single/same-sex
       • Not diff
         • S-dad important?
     • Why less P-dads?
       • Tradition (shouldn't)
         • Hormones nurturing
           • Biological?

3. Stages of Attachment

   • Schaffer & Emerson
     • 60 - 31m, 29f
       • Monthly for 1Y & at 18M
         • Kind protest (measure)
     • 25-32W
       • 50% anxiety 1 adult
         • Most interactive
           • 40W
             • 80% specific
               • 30% multiple
     • Evaluation
       • Own homes
         • Parents
           • Natural
       • Same pps
         • No individual diffs
           • Internal validity
       • Same city etc.
         • Can't generalise
   • Stages
     • 1) Asocial
       • Same humans & objects
         • Some preference
     • 2) Indisc- riminate
       • 2-7M
         • People & familiar
           • Any comfort
     • 3) Specific
       • 7M
         • Anxiety to 1
           • Most interaction
     • 4) Multiple
       • Soon others
         • 29% 2nd w/in month
           • Maj multiple by 1Y
     • Evaluation
       • Low coordination
         • Hard judge
           • Can't rely evidence
       • Not clear when multiple
         • Bowlby single first
           • Van I multiple from outset
       • Distress not attachment
         • Playmate vs 2ndary

4. Animal Studies

   • Lorenz
     • Geese
       • 1/2 mother
       • 1/2 incubator
     • Incubator followed L
       • Control mother
         • Imprinting
           • Critical period
     • Evaluation
       • Mammals diff
         • Emotion
           • Not generalise
       • Chickens & gloves
         • Learned prefer chickens
           • Not permanent
   • Harlow
     • Monkeys
       • Wire & cloth
         • 1- wire milk 2-cloth milk
     • Soft comfort even if wire milk
       • Aggressive, less sociable
         • Bred less, neglected & attacked young
           • After critical period damage period
     • Evaluation
       • Comfort not food
         • Early rel's important
       • Social workers
         • Risk factors neglect/abuse
           • Care captive monkeys & breeding
       • Ethics
         • Suffered
           • Important enough?

5. Learning Theory

   • Classical
     • Associate food w/ caregiver
   • Operant
     • Reinforcement (mutual)
       • Crying response
   • Secondary Drive
     • Learned
       • Satisfaction primary
   • Evaluation
     • Animals
       • Not attach feeder (L&H)
     • S&E
       • Mum primary
         • Fed others
           • Not key
             • No UCS/drive
     • Ignores complex
       • Reciprocity etc.
     • Not food
       • Associate comfort & social interaction