Syntax

Syntax

1. Clauses

   • Subject/Verb form
   • Must have a finite verb

2. Phrases

   • Subject phrases
     • Noun phrases that determine the conjugation of verbs and pronouns
   • Object phrases
     • Noun phrases that follow the verb in declarative sentences
   • Adverbial phrases
     • usually adverb phrases, are OPTIONAL and can occur in many places in a clause
   • Complement phrases
     • add information to another phrase, ESSENTIAL in grammatical sentences

3. Grammatical word order

4. Sentence structure

   • Simple Sentence
     • ONE clause
   • Compound sentence
     • Coordinating conjunction
   • Complex sentence
     • Subordinating conjunction. The subordinating clause CANNOT stand as a simple sentence
   • Compound-complex sentence
     • Coordinating AND subordinating conjunction

5. Sentence types

   • Declarative
     • Statement
   • Imperative
     • Instructions, commands
   • Exclamative
     • Expresses emotions, e.g. surprise, disgust and annoyance
   • Interrogative
     • Questions