COMMUNICATION

COMMUNICATION

1. ELEMENTS

   • SENDER
     • The originator of the message who encodes information (Shannon & Weaver, 1949).
   • MESSSAGE
     • The originator of the message who encodes information (Shannon & Weaver, 1949).
   • CHANNEL
     • The medium through which the message travels, e.g., face-to-face, media, digital (West & Turner, 2018).
   • RECEIVER
     • The medium through which the message travels, e.g., face-to-face, media, digital (West & Turner, 2018).
   • FEEDBACK
     • Response from the receiver that closes the communication loop (Schramm, 1954).

2. TYPES

   • VERBAL
     • Spoken or written words.
   • NONVERBAL
     • Body language, gestures, tone (Burgoon et al., 2016).
   • WRITTEN
     • Documents, letters, emails.
   • VISUAL
     • Images, infographics, videos.

3. FUNCTIONS

   • INFORMATIVE
     • Transmits knowledge and facts.
   • PERSUASIVE
     • Influences attitudes or behaviors (McQuail, 2010).
   • EXPRESSIVE
     • Conveys emotions and identity.
   • REGULATIVE
     • Guides behavior and norms within social interactions (West & Turner, 2018).

4. BARRIERS

   • Physical
     • Environmental disturbances (e.g., noise, distance).
   • Psychological
     • Stress, prejudice, emotions (West & Turner, 2018).
   • Semantic
     • Stress, prejudice, emotions (West & Turner, 2018).
   • Cultural
     • Differences in values and worldviews (Gudykunst, 2003).

5. CONTEXTS

   • Intrapersonal
     • Communication within oneself (thoughts, reflection).
   • Intrapersonal
     • Direct, face-to-face exchanges.
   • Group
     • Small-group discussions and teamwork.
   • Mass Media
     • Broad dissemination via press, TV, radio (McQuail, 2010).
   • Digital
     • Online interactions, social media, and mediated communication (West & Turner, 2018).

6. MODELS

   • Shannon & Weaver (1949)
     • Linear model focusing on transmission and noise.
   • Berlo’s SMCR (1960)
     • Highlights Source, Message, Channel, Receiver; emphasizes skills and attitudes.
   • Schramm (1954)
     • Introduces feedback and fields of experience, making communication interactive.

7. Com 123 - Made by William Douglas - assigment 1 - Week 2