Classical Conditioning vs. Operant Conditioning

Classical Conditioning vs. Operant Conditioning

1. Ivan Pavlov

2. Operant Conditioning

   • CONTROL BASED
   • BF Skinner
     • Thorndike
       • Behavior changes because of its consequences: LAW OF EFFECT
   • Also known as Skinnerian
   • PARADIGM
     • -->
       • R: Response/Behavior
       • S*: Stimulus/Consequence (US)
   • Contingency Vs. Contiguity
     • Contingency: If....Then
       • Stimulus Consequence (S*) dependent on behavior (R)
   • Shaping by Successive Approximations (gradual introduction)
     • Latency: Speed (Ex. Fast Sit)
       • Duration: Length (Ex. Longer stay)
         • Distance: Ex: Sit from close or far)
           • Frequency:
     • "Chained Components": Ex: Light on/off
   • Premack's Principle: High prob behavior used as reinforcer for low prob (EX: Working for play)
   • Discriminative Stimulus (S^D) EX: Swearing around Parents
     • S^D
       • R (Swearing)
         • S*=Correction/Scold
       • R (Not Swearing)
         • S*= No correction/ Praise
   • Schedules Of Reinforcement
     • Continuous Reinforcement= CRF
     • Partial Reinforcement= PRF
     • Ration Schedules > Interval
       • Variable > Fixed
     • VRVR (Variable ration w/ variable reinforcement

3. PREDICTION BASED

4. also known as Pavlovian or Respondent Conditioning

5. PARADIGM

   • NS: Neutral Stimulus (TONE)
     • US: Unconditioned Stimulus (MEAT)
       • CS: Conditioned Stimulus (TONE)
         • CR: Conditioned Response (SALIVA)
       • UR: Unconditioned Response (SALIVA)

6. TYPES

   • Trace (Standard
     • Delay
       • Simultaneous (Ineffective)
         • Backwards (Inhibitor
           • Temporal (No explicit CS))
             • Time Based: No specific CS
           • US THEN CS
             • Praise Before not After
       • No delay
         • Quicker Learning
     • CS-US Gap= Trace Interval
       • Gap reduction ^ effectiveness

7. Autoshaping

   • Voluntary+Involuntary Pairing