RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

1. URT

   • External Nose
     • Nostrils
     • External nares
     • Nasal septum's cartilaginous part rostrally
   • Nasal Cavity
     • Divided by Nasal Septum - L and R sides
     • Separated from Oral cavity - Hard and Soft Palate
       • SOFT PALATE - interacts with larynx control flow of fluids and air
     • 2 x Nasal Conchae - Dorsal and Ventral
       • 3 x Nasal Passages Meati
         • Dorsal
         • Middle
         • Ventral
     • Ethmoid Conchae
       • L and R Sides
         • Part of ethmoidal labyrnth caudal part of nasal cavity
           • Cribiform plate ethmoid
   • Sinuses
     • Sinuses
   • HISTOLOGY

2. LRT

   • TRACHEA
     • Reinforced conduit - C Shaped Hyaline Cartilage
     • Connected to Larynx via cricoid cart.
     • To bifurcation into the lungs
     • Enters Mediatsinum at Thoracic Inlet
   • LUNGS
     • Dual Circulation
     • Respiratory - Gas Exchange
     • Boyle's Law - Mechanism of Breathing
     • Structure and Histology
     • Spp Specialisation
   • BRONCHIAL TREE
     • Respiratory - Conduit and Gas Exchange Sections
     • Structure and Histology
   • THORACIC WALL AND CAVITIES
     • Ribs / Vertebrae and Sternum
     • Muscles of Inspiration and Expiration
     • Pleural Cavities and Linings
     • DIAPHRAGM
       • FORMATION

3. Larynx/Pharynx

   • LARYNX
     • Musculocartilaginous organ
       • Aids in vocalisation
       • Prevent inspiration foreign material / food / water into trachea
     • 4 cartilages
       • Epiglottis
         • Forms basis of epiglottis - elastic cartilage
         • Tilted backward - partially cover entrance larynx when animal swallows
       • Thyroid
         • Largest - R and L laminae (plates) united ventrally
       • Cricoid
         • Forms a complete ring - connect larynx to trachea
           • Important landmark
       • Arytenoid
         • Paired cartilage - one either side
         • Control vocal cords - tension
     • Support - HYOID APPARATUS
       • Holds larynx in position
         • Move hyoid in turn move larynx
           • Cranially - geniohyoideous m and caudally - sternohyoideous m/sternothyroideous m.
     • MUSCLES / NERVES
     • VOCAL CORDS

4. Spp. Specialisations

   • Guttural Pouch

5. FORMATION