Piaget (1896-1980)

Piaget (1896-1980)

1. constructionist view

2. SCHEMA

   • transition
     • assimilation
     • accomodation
     • equilibrium

3. Stages of Development

   • Sensorimotor
     • 6 sub-stages, 0-2yrs, OBJECT PERMANENCE, Blanket and Ball Study.
       • Secondary Circular Reactions, 4 to 8months, more aware of surroundings and able to reach & grasp for objects, actions are repeated meaning infant intentionally acts on environment.
       • Basic Reflex Activity, birth to 4-6wks, using innate reflexes to explore their world (sucking, rooting, grasping)
       • Primary Circular Reactions, 4-6 wks to 4months, repeating of enjoyable stimuli (thumb sucking), although anticipation of events is found to be present near the end of this stage.
       • Coordination of Secondary Circular Reactions, 8 to 12months, begin to engage in goal-directed behaviours (object permanence) therefore co-rdinating 2 schemes (lifting a cover and grasping for an object.
       • Tertiary Circular Reactions, 12 to 18months, walking and searching for novelty. casual relations between events. systematically experimenting to test end results.
       • Beginnings of Symbolic Representation, 18 to 24months, Child able to form enduring mental representations. Deferred imitation; copying or mimicking others actions.
   • Preoperational
     • 2-7yrs, EGOCENTRISM, Three Mountains Study.
   • Concrete Operational
     • 7-11yrs, CONSERVATION, Conservation of Number
   • Formal Operational
     • 11yrs+, MANIPULATE IDEAS IN HEAD(abstract reasoning), Pendullum Task.