Memory

Memory

1. Multi-Store Model

   • AO1
     • Sensory Memory
       • Made up of eyes, ears, nose, fingers, tounge, etc. Constantly receiving information but mostly no attention payed and stored. If attention is payed to a store, the data is transferred into STM.
     • Short-Term Memory
       • information in 'fragile' state. It will disappear quickly if not Rehearsed. Will also disappear if new information enters into STM, pushing out the original information, STM has a limited capacity
     • Long-Term Memory
       • is when STM is rehearsed over and over again and becomes a longer lasting memory. 
   • AO2
     • Evidence Supports separate stores
     • Limitation - oversimplified explanation of Memory
     • Spiers highlighted limitations with MSM
     • Suggests that STM comes before LTM

2. Definitions

   • Encoding
     • STM uses mainly Acoustic coding, whereas LTM uses mainly semantic coding.
     • Baddeley (1966)
       • Aimed to examine separateness of STM and LTM. He tested acoustic and semantic words similar words. He found participants had difficulty remembering acoustically similar words in STM, but not LTM.  Semantically similar words in STM were no problem, but in LTM they caused confusion.  Conclusion: STM & LTM are separate stores, 
     • AO2
       • LTM & STM sometimes use other codes. Some experiments have shown the use of visual codes in STM, e.g., Bradimonte et al. found participants used visual encoding when given visual task involving pictures.
   • Capacity
   • Duration

3. Working Memory Model