Realisms - created from Mind Map

Page 1

21st century sub-schools

Modern Realism

Post-Cold War Realisms

Uniting factors

Neorealism (or Structural Realism)

Classical Realism

Realist Constructivism

Neoclassical Realism

Born parallel to the reestablishment of IR

First theoretical school of thought

Focusing on the state - second level analysis

Main figures

Importance of norms

Agential power

Domestic

International

Independent agential variable

Creates and shapes the international system

Edward Hallett Carr

Hans J. Morgenthau

The Twenty Years' Crisis (1939)

Politics Among Nations (1948)

Theory of the balance of power

Theory of state

Historical evaluation of state system

Internationally created

Within social norms

Forming alliances

Increasing a state's own power

Intelligent state

Adaptive strategies

Intelligence

Bluffing of opponents

Demystification of rival states' foreign policy

National strengths and the evaluation of rivals' power bases

Emulation

Balancing

Aristocratic international system

Nationalistic universalism

Neorealism with different agenda

End of the Cold War

Increasing role of international law

Cooperation

Question of change

Economic sphere

Possibility of cooperation

Changes in the international realm

Globalization

Dividing the realist camp

Defensive neorealism

Offensive neorealism

Anarchy is still in the center

Other factors are also taken into consideration

Robert Gilpin

Stephen D. Krasner

Offense-defense balance

Search for security

Important role of institutions

Systemic theory of the passive-adaptive state

Changes in the distribution of power

War and Change in World Politics (1981)

Hegemonic stability theory

Krasner: Tectonic Plate metaphor

Modification of Waltz's systematic approach

New elements: change, social processes, state

Adaptability or maladaptability of states

Two sets of intervening variables

Socioeconomic fetters

Varying domestic agential state power

5 defining criteria of being a hegemon

Two phases of being a hegemon

Hegemonic decline

Benign

Predatory

Free-rider problem

Defending the national interest

Anarchy still remains the organizing principle

Intense, war-likely international competition

John J. Mearsheimer

Very dangerous

Alliances are temporary

International institutions

International cooperation

Cannot shape the international system

Relative gain consideration

Concern about cheating

Anthropological pessimism

Statism

Anarchy

Ahistorical approach

More scientific base

Highly parsimonious

Kenneth N. Waltz

State = dependent variable

International system = independent variable

Cannot determine the international system

Explaining state behavior

Founding father

Theory of International Politics (1979)

Political Structures

Structure = arrangement, ordering of parts of the system

Domestic political structure

International political structure

The character / differentiation of the units

The distribution of capabilities / the surface structure

The ordering principle / deep structure

Hierarchy

The ordering principle / deep structure

The distribution of capabilities / the surface structure

Anarchy

Power-taker states

Power-maker states

Before the institutionalization of IR

Not a real sub-school of realism

Thucydides, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Rousseau