Quiz
MCQ practice for research methods, psychology
Questions in this quiz (73)
1Basic scientific research is carried out:
- ATo solve practical problems
- BJust to see what would happen
- CTo verify a theoretical problem
- DTo gather data to test a theory
2Precision Teaching is defined as:
- AA method of teaching a child to be highly fluent in certain skills
- BA measurement system that helps a teacher decide on whether the teaching is effective
- CA teaching approach that emphasises basic skills teaching
- DA system that allows teachers to design a precise curriculum
3When developing hypotheses, the inductive approach seeks to_____
- AGenerate hypotheses
- BTest hypotheses
- CSimplify hypotheses
- DAll of the above
4Which of the following best represents the stages of the experimental method of research?
- AResearch question, hypothesis testing, data collection, data analysis, support/reject theory
- BResearch question, generate theory, hypothesis testing, data collection, data analysis, support/reject theory
- CResearch question, generate theory, data collection, data analysis, support/reject theory
- DGenerate theory, hypothesis testing, data collection, data analysis, support/reject theory
5A theory must be parsimonious, specific and testable. To what does the term parsimonious refer?
- AThe easiest, most sensible and most academic explanation of the evidence
- BThe first answer is usually the correct one when testing a theory
- CThe simplest, most economical and efficient explanation of the evidence
- DThe most detailed answer is usually the correct one when testing a theory
6A Murder Mystery – Detective Noclue interviews a large pool of suspects, and then eliminates them to leave the culprit unmasked. This is an example which of scientific method?
- AInduction
- BDeduction
- CReduction
- DAll of the above
7Which is not one of the four principles of PT
- AFrequency as a measure of behaviour
- BLearner knows best
- CStandard Celeration Chart is used as a measurement tool
- DFocus on all types of behaviours
8Which of the following does NOT form part of the SAFMEDS procedure?
- ASaying responses aloud
- BFocus is on speed as well as accuracy
- CWork on a section of the pack at a time
- DComplete timings each day
9An alternative term for a repeated measures design is__________
- ABetween-subjects design
- BWithin-subjects design
- CReversal design
- DSelf-correcting design
10A hypothesis is best defined as ____________
- AA classification system
- BAn unproved theory about the outcome of a study
- CA prediction about the outcome of the study
- DA proven fact
11Dr Who was attempting to find a cure for procrastination. He developed an intervention whereby students were immediately rewarded with chocolate for handing work in early. He designed an experiment with one treatment group. Chocolate given to students was the dependent variable. Individuals were first measured in a baseline phase, then a treatment phase, followed by another baseline phase. This is a classic example of a(n):
- AIndependent samples design
- BMultiple case design
- CA-B-C design
- DA-B-A design
12The phase of a SCD experiment in which the treatment is introduced is known as the ________ phase.
- ABaseline
- BIntervention
- CReplication
- DPost-test
13When you move from a baseline phase to an intervention phase and then back to a baseline phase, you are using a_________________ design
- ADrifting baseline
- BReversal design
- CIntrasubject design
- DIntersubject design
14Which of the following is NOT a phase in the A-B-A design?
- ABaseline measurement
- BIntroduction of treatment
- CIntroduction of a second treatment
- DRemoval of treatment
15Multiple baseline designs attempt to control for confounds by_______
- AIntroducing the treatment at different time points to different people
- BIntroducing the treatment to the same person across different behaviours
- CIntroducing the treatment to the same person in different situations
- DAll of the answers
16The ABA design is generally considered ________ than the ABAB design because participants _________
- AMore desirable; are left with the effects of the treatment
- BLess desirable; are not left with the effects of the treatment
- CMore desirable; are not left with the effects of the treatment
- DLess desirable; are left with the effects of the treatment
17The baseline stage of a single-case experimental design is useful to researchers because behavior during the baseline allows the researchers to_________
- AGet an initial idea of whether the treatment will be effective.
- BDetermine whether an individual is likely to benefit from the treatment.
- CDescribe behavior before administering the treatment and predict what behavior will be like in the future without treatment.
- DDetermine the best way
18In the ABAB design, a major ethical concern surrounds______
- AWaiting for a series of initial baseline observations before administering the treatment
- BAdministering the treatment immediately after the initial baseline phase
- CRemoving the treatment after it has already been shown to be effective
- DReintroducing the treatment after it has already been shown to be effective
19If told that this intervention (A-B) was successful, was the behaviour?
- ASomething we wanted to INCREASE in frequency
- BSomething we wanted to DECREASE in frequency
- CSomething that we wanted to remain the same
- DNot enough information to make a judgment
20What is the Percentage of Non-overlapping data for the participant?
- A60%
- B70%
- C80%
- D90%
21An educational psychologist was interested in the effects of a six-week mnemonics intervention on students’ ability to remember areas of the brain such as the hippocampus. How might you define the mnemonics intervention?
- AIndependent variable
- BDependent variable
- COutcome variable
- DResultant variable
22Researchers wanted to examine the impact of watching Alien on memory in a group of older adults. A variety of cognitive tests such as memory tests and word generation tests were administered to the group before, during and after watching one of the films. How might you describe the research design of such a study?
- ABetween-groups design
- BBetween-within design
- CWithin-subjects design
- DIndependent-groups design
23The results of the Tauntaun long jump final at the Hoth Olympics a long time ago in a galaxy far far away are given below. What is the mean distance jumped by the top 10 Rebel Soldiers (answers to two decimal places)?
- A8.04 m
- B8.05 m
- C8.06 m
- D8.07 m
24What is the median distance jumped by the top 10 Rebel Pilots (answers to 2 decimal places)?
- A8.05 m
- B8.07 m
- C8.09 m
- D8.11 m
25Examine the histogram of the qualifying distance for the Tauntauns long jump final at the Hoth Olympics. How would you describe the appearance of the histogram?
- ANegatively skewed
- BPositively skewed
- CPositive kurtosis (leptokurtic)
- DNegative kurtosis (platykurtic)
26Large standard deviations will have what sort of distribution, relative to a distribution with a low standard deviation?
- ARaised
- BFlatter
- CThe same
- DZero
27The middle score in a distribution is the __________________ and the score occurring the greatest frequency is the ____________________.
- AMean; Median
- BMedian;Mode
- CMean; Mode
- DMode;Median
28A prediction regarding the outcomes of a study is a(n) ____________ and an organised system of assumptions and principles that attempts to explain certain phenomena and how they are related is a(n)__________________.
- ATheory; Hypothesis
- BHypothesis;Theory
- CIndependent variable; Dependent variable
- DDependent variable; Independent variable
29In which of the following distributions would you find the mean, median and mode to
be identical?- ANormal
- BPositively Skewed
- CNegatively Skewed
- DAll of the answers
30When writing up a results section for most types of study (including SCD studies) it is good practice to use which ordering of detail?
- ADescriptive statistics, effect size, figure/table/graph
- BFigure/table/graph, descriptive statistics, effect size
- CDescriptive statistics, figure/graph/table, effect size
- DEffect size, figure/graph/table, descriptive statistics
31The length of time taken to complete a multiple choice questionnaire exam would be best measured using a(n):
- AInterval level measure
- BRatio level measure
- CNominal level measure
- DOrdinal level measure
32While temperature in degrees Celsius is measured on a(n) ____________ scale, ‘luke-warm, warm, and hot’ would be examples of a(n) ____________ scale
- AInterval; Ratio
- BInterval; Ordinal
- CRatio; Interval
- DRatio; Ordinal
33Using letter grades (A, B, C, D, E) to classify student performance on an exam is an example of measurement on a(n)____________ scale
- ANominal
- BOrdinal
- CInterval
- DRatio
34Which of the following is NOT a continuous variable?
- ATime to solve a problem
- BTemperature
- CHeight
- DNumber of children in a family
35Which type of data would you use to record your status as a full or part time student?
- AOrdinal
- BContinuous
- CDichotomous
- DFactorial
36Which level of measurement would be best to measure the approximate distance from Main Arts to the Wheldon Building?
- ANominal
- BOrdinal
- CRatio
- DInterval
37By definition a ratio scale has an absolute zero. What does this mean?
- AA point where none of the quality being measured exists
- BA point where you can score a minus value
- CA point where you have no opinion on a topic
- DAbsolute zero does not exist; it is a hypothetical construct
38In SPSS what is the 'Variable View'?
- AA dialog box that allows you to choose a statistical test
- BA table summarising the frequencies of data for one variable
- CA screen in which variables can be defined and labelled
- DA screen in which data are entered
39Which of the following methods would you use to enter data on gender into SPSS so you can conduct statistical analyses?
- AEnter data for males first and then for females
- BType male, female, or non-gender specific into the appropriate column of the data view
- CEnter the data into different pages on SPSS depending on whether the answers are Male, Female or Non-gender specific
- DNumerically code the answers given with different numbers
40You are asked on a questionnaire to tick all the relevant boxes that apply to you on an item asking you which clubs or societies you belong to. Affiliation to a club or society would best be thought of what sort of variable?
- AA categorical variable
- BAn absolute variable
- CA hypothetical variable
- DA continuous variable
41What is meant by the term descriptive statistics?
- AMethods used to summarise the data
- BMethods used to see if the results are significant
- CMethods used to generalise from a sample
- DAll of the above
42What is the best way to summarise nominal data?
- AMeans
- BStandard deviations
- CFrequencies
- DMedians
43The standard deviation is...
- AThe variance divided by the sample size
- BThe square root of the sums of squares
- CThe average of the sums of squares
- DThe square root of the variance
44Which of the following statements are true?
- AA 95% confidence interval is a range of scores from the lowest to the highest value in the sample
- BA 95% confidence interval is a range of scores within which we believe the population mean will fall
- CA 95% confidence interval is a range of scores within which we believe that participants were confident in their answers
- DAll of the answers
45The frequency distribution of the means of several samples from the population is called....
- AThe standard deviation
- BThe sampling distribution
- CThe mode
- DThe variance
46Which type of chart displays the mean with the confidence intervals represented as vertical lines?
- ALine chart
- BHistogram chart
- CHorizontal bar chart
- DError bar chart
47Compute the mean of the following set of scores and give the answer to 2 decimal places: 3, 5, 7, 3, 6, 8, 2, 7
- A5.1
- B5.13
- C5.12
- D5.2
48A _____________ is a numerical characteristic of a population and a ____________ is a numerical characteristic of a sample
- Astatistic; parameter
- Bmode; mean
- Cmodel; descriptive
- Dparameter; statistic
49The typical value of a dataset is described by measures of...
- ACentral Tendency
- BVariance
- CDispersion
- DNormality
50When the confidence intervals are small, this suggests that...
- AThe population mean is a good estimate of the sample mean
- BThe sample mean is a good estimate of the population mean
- CThe sample mean is a poor estimate of the population mean
- DThe sample mean may be significantly different from the population mean
51If an event has a 95% probability of occurring, what does this mean?
- AThe event will occur 5 times out of every 100
- BThe event will occur 95 times out of every 100
- CThe event will occur 95 times out of every 95
- DThe event will occur 5 times out of every 95
52Use the additional figure to answer the next three questions. The figure shows the standard normal distribution. Arrow A indicates the ____________
- AMean
- BMedian
- CMode
- DAll of the answers
53Arrow B indicates ______________
- A68.26% of scores
- B34.13% of scores
- C50.00% of scores
- D95.44% of scores
54Arrow C indicates _____________
- A50% above the mean
- B100% above the mean
- C1 standard deviation above the mean
- D2 standard deviations above the mean
55If your z-score was -2.85, this would show that ____________
- AYour score was 2.85 times smaller than the highest score in the class
- BYour score was 2.85 standard deviations below the mean
- CYour score was 2.85 standard deviations above the mean
- DThere was a probability of 2.85% of obtaining a score less than your score
56The difference between the sample statistic and the population parameter is called the ______________
- AExtraneous variable
- BExperimenter bias
- CSystematic error
- DSampling error
57If the scores on a test have a mean of 26 and a standard deviation of 4, what is the z-score for a score of 18?
- A-2
- B11
- C2
- D-3
58If you have a probability of 67%, what is it expressed as a decimal?
- A0.07
- B0.06
- C0.67
- D6.70
59In order to comply with BPS ethics guidelines, researchers should ____________
- AEnsure that people give informed consent to participate
- BEnsure that all participants complete the experiment
- CEnsure that participants do not find out the true purpose of the research
- DAll of the answers
60Which of the following would give the closest value to the population mean?
- AThe standard error
- BThe mean of one sample
- CThe mean of several sample means
- DThe standard deviation
61“A data point very far removed from others within the data set” is known as?
- AA latent variable
- BA case
- CAn outlier
- DSignificant
62Which of the following actions will always change the value of the mean?
- AChanging the value of one score
- BAdding a new score to the distribution
- CRemoving a score from the distribution
- DAll of the answers
63A sample consists of n=16 scores. How many of the scores are used to calculate the sample range?
- A2
- B8
- C15
- DAll 16
64The phase of a multiple baseline design in which the treatment is introduced is known as______________.
- AThe baseline
- BThe phaseline
- CThe intervention
- DThe application
65Two events are_____________ if they have no effect on each other.
- ACorrelated
- BIndependent
- CRelated
- DDependent
66Population ___________, sample statistics.
- AParameters
- BPercentiles
- CDescriptives
- DInferentials
67The purpose of a research report is to provide what kind of information?
- AWhat was done
- BWhat was found
- CHow the research study is related to other knowledge
- DAll of the answers
68Probability values are always____.
- AGreater than or equal to 0
- BLess than or equal to 1
- CPositive numbers
- DAll of the answers
69In a population of N=6, five of the individuals all have scores that are exactly 1 point above the mean. From this information you can determine that the score for the sixth individual must be____________.
- AAlso above the mean by one point.
- BBelow the mean by one point.
- CBelow the mean by five points
- DWe do not have enough information to describe the 6th score.
70The normal distribution is an example of________________.
- AA histogram showing data from a sample.
- BA polygon showing data from a sample.
- CA bar graph showing data from a population.
- DA smooth curve showing data from a population.
71Dr Martha Jones is interested in studying how indoor lighting can influence mood during the winter. She selects a sample of 110 households. Fifty of the homes were randomly assigned to the bright-light condition where Dr Jones replaced all the lights with 100-watt bulbs. In the other 50 houses, all the lights were changed to 60 watt bulbs. After two months Dr Martha Jones measured the level of depression for the people living in the houses.
In this example, the level of depression is the ______ variable.- ADependent
- BExtraneous
- CCorrelational
- DIndependent
72Dr Martha Jones is interested in studying how indoor lighting can influence mood during the winter. She selects a sample of 110 households. Fifty of the homes were randomly assigned to the bright-light condition where Dr Jones replaced all the lights with 100-watt bulbs. In the other 50 houses, all the lights were changed to 60 watt bulbs. After two months Dr Martha Jones measured the level of depression for the people living in the houses.
In this example, the independent variable is _________.- AThe brightness of the lights
- BThe level of depression
- CThe houses with 110-watt bulbs
- DThe houses with 60-watt bulbs
73Dr Martha Jones is interested in studying how indoor lighting can influence mood during the winter. She selects a sample of 110 households. Fifty of the homes were randomly assigned to the bright-light condition where Dr Jones replaced all the lights with 100-watt bulbs. In the other 50 houses, all the lights were changed to 60 watt bulbs. After two months Dr Martha Jones measured the level of depression for the people living in the houses.
The design of the study can best be described as __________- ACorrelational
- BBetween-groups
- CWithin-groups
- DControl group
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- Description
- A brief overview of possible questions to come up in the research methods exam
- Author
- Ben Armstrong
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- English
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