Flashcards
BMS03-1016 Organisation of the Nervous System)
Cards in this deck (30)
- 1What are the three parts of the central nervous system?1. Brain
2. Spinal cord
3. Nerve cell bodies, axons and neuroglia (Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Microglia, Ependymal cells) - 2What does the Peripheral Nervous System contain?1) Axons
2) Ganglia
3) Neuroglia (Satellite cells, schwann cells) - 3Can neurons repair themselves or divide?Limited ability to repair
Cannot divide - 4What do astrocytes (star shaped) do?1. Recycle neurotransmitters
2. Maintain blood brain barrier
3. Neural growth
4. Scar tissue
5. Communicate w ependymal blood vessels/nerve cells
6. Microfilaments give strength to CNS - 5What do oligodendrocytes do?1. Create myeline sheath
2. Support/insulate axon
3. Wraps around 50+ axons (vs. Schwann in PNS which wraps around 1) - 6What do microglia (<5%) cells do?Function like macrophages
- 7What do Ependymal cells do?1. Line chambers of CNS/ventricles of brain
2. Branching processes communicate w astrocytes - 8What type of cell is the ependymal cell?Ciliated simple columnar filled with CSF
- 9What is the difference between electrical and chemical signalling?Electrical is linked via gap junction
Faster than chemical but lack gain (where signal becomes larger than original)
Eg. defensive reflexes/fight or flight - 10Identify the cells of the CNS
- 11What do Schwann Cells in the PNS do?They wrap around all axons and are either:
1. Myelinating
2. Nonmyelinating but maintain axons
Support nerve regeneration - 12What do Statillate Cells in the PNS do?Surround cells and regulate O2/CO2/nutrient/neurotransmitter levels
- 13Which neurons of the PNS have cell bodies in ganglia outside of the CNS and have no synapses outside the CNS?Sensory (somatic and autonomic) neurons
Synapse in CNS instead (dendrites extend into CNS) - 14Motor neurons with ganglia outside the CNS belong to the ...nervous system and always have ....Autonomic nervous system
Synapses outside the CNS - 15Motor neurons that do not have ganglia outside the CNS and have cell bodies in the CNS belong to the ...nervous systemSomatic
- 16Spinal nerves areSomatic neurons/special senses neurons that originate from spinal cord
- 17Cranial nerves areSomatic neurons/special senses neurons that originate from brain
- 18Efferent motor neurons are located where in the spinal nerve?Ventral root
- 19Sensory neurons are located where in the spinal nerve?Dorsal root ganglion
- 20What is in the dorsal/ventral ramus?Mixed nerves (motor and sensory)
- 21What is the difference between grey and white matter in a spinal nerve?White matter mainly has myelinated axons
Grey matter contains:
- cell bodies of interneurons/motor neurons
- neuroglia cells
- unmyelinated axons - 22What is a myotome?An area of skeletal muscle supplied by a single spinal nerve
- 23What is a dermatome?A area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve
- 24Which part of the PNS has 2 neurons in series, with the first being in the CNS with an axon going to the ... ganglion?Autonomic Ganglion
- 25What happens after a synapse in the autonomic ganglion?Axon of effected neuron carries signal to target organ (eg. smooth muscle)
- 26Which part of the PNS has axons that arise from the cell body in the CNS and travels ALL THE WAY to the effector organ? What neurotransmitter is used?Somatic nervous system
Ach - 27Which neurotransmitters are involved in the autonomic nervous system?Always ACh (cholinergic) for preganglionic then:
1. Norarenaline (adrenergic) for SNS (short-long)
2. Ach (cholinergic) for PNS (long-short) - 28In the autonomic nervous system, sympathetic nerves arise from?T1-L2
- 29In the autonomic nervous system, parasympathetic nerves arise from?Brainstem and S2-S4 (craniosacral)
- 30What are nerve plexuses?Network of intersecting nerves serving same area of body
Contains:
Afferent AND efferent nerves from the merging of the anterior rami of spinal nerves and blood vessels
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- Description
- Define the central,and peripheral nervous systems. Describe the excitable cells and their support. Briefly outline the major subdivision of the CNS. Describe the somatic nervous system especially spinal nerves and their distribution. Define the following terms; root value, plexus, dermatome and myotome. Describe the autonomic nervous system; its divisions and the destination of its fibres.
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- Evian Chai
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