Flashcards
Multi-Store Model
Cards in this deck (20)
- 1Multi-Store Model- Devised by Atkinson + Shiffrin (1968)
- An explanation of memory that sees information flowing through a series of storage systems - 2Sensory Register (SR)A short duration store holding information recieved by the senses.
- 3Coding in SR- Information stored in raw unprocessed form with separate stores for different sensory inputs.
- 4Capacity of SR- Capacity is very large
- 5Duration of SR- Walsh + Thompson (1978) found an average duration of 500 milliseconds
- 6Short Term Memory (STM)A temporary store holding small bits of information for short amounts of time
- 7Coding in STMCan be coded:
- Visually = yhinking of a picture
- Acoustically = saying the word
- Semantically = using knowledge of the thing
Research suggests main coding is acoustic - 8Baddeley (1966) - AimTo assess if coding in STM and LTM is acoustic or semantic
- 9Baddeley (1966) - Procedure1. Participants presented by 1 of 4 word lists repeated 4 times
- A = acoustically similar words
- B = acoustically dissimilar words
- C = semantically similar words
- D = semantically dissimilar words
2. To test coding, they were given the list in the wrong order and had to rearrange it to the correct order.
3. The procedure for LTM was the same but a 20 min interval and had to do a task in between to prevent rehearsal. - 10Baddeley (1966) - Findings1. For STM, participants given List A performed the worst
2. For LTM, participants with List C performed the worst - 11Baddeley (1966) - Conclusions- For STM, it seems there's acoustic confusion meaning STM must be coded on an acoustic basis
- For LTM, there's semantic confusion meaning LTM must be coded on a semantic basis. - 12Baddeley (1966) - Evaluation- Finding makes cognitive sense (e.g. shopping list = acoustic rehearsal, book = plot)
- The small difference in recall between semantically similar (64%) and semantically dissimilar (71%) suggests semantic in STM - 13Capacity of STM- Limited capacity
- Research indicates between 5 and 9 items
- Capacity can be increased by chunking
- Jacobs found capacity was 9 numbers and 7 letters
- Miller found 7 +/- 2 items - 14Duration of STM- Limited to about 30 seconds max
- 15Peterson and Peterson (1959)- Read nonsense trigrams to participants and then got them to count backwards in 3's from large numbers
- They found 90% trigrams correctly recalled after 3 seconds but only 5% after 18 seconds suggesting a capacity of between 20 and 30 seconds - 16Long Term Memory (LTM)A permanent store holding infinite information for long periods of time
- 17Coding in LTM- Mainly semantic
- 18Capacity of LTM- Unlimited
- 19Duration of LTM- Life long
- 20Bahrick (1975)- Showed participants between 17 and 74 a set of photos and a list of names and asked them to name school friends.
- Those who left school in the last 15 years identified 90% of faces and names
- Those who left school identified 80% of names and 70% of faces
- Suggests memory for faces is long lasting
Information
- Description
- A-Level Psychology (Cognitive) Flashcards on Multi-Store Model, created by Liv Coote on 08/04/2016.
- Created by
- Liv Coote
- Views
- 0
- Rating