Flashcards
MEMoRY
Cards in this deck (7)
- 1Coding the format in which information is storedBaddeley:
gave different lists of words to 4 groups to remember:
acoustically similar
acoustically dissimilar
semantically similar
semantically dissimilar - 2Participants were shown the original word lists and asked to recall them after seeing the other list. Immediate recall (STM) pps did worse with acoustically similar words. Delayed recall (LTM) did worse with semantically similar words. This suggests information is coded semantically in LTM.Evaluation
Baddeley used artificial stimuli rather than meaningful stimuli. Word lists have no personal meaning to participants. This means we should be cautious about generalising findings to memory tasks. The findings also have limited application. - 3Capacity the amount of information that can be held in a memory store -.
- 4Jacobs Digit Span: Researcher gave participants 4 digits and asked them to recall. If accurate, 5 digits were given, and so on. This determines the individuals digit span. Mean span was 9.3 for numbers and 7.3 for letters.Evaluation
It was conducted a long time ago and early research often lacked control and validity. Participants may have been distracted and so did not perform as well as they could've. Results may not be valid because cofounding variables weren't controlled. However, results have been confirmed in other research supporting its validity - 5Miller's Span of Memory: Observed that things come in 7's; notes on days of the week, deadly sins, music scale. This suggests the capacity of STM is about 7 items. Also noted that people call recall 5 letters as well as recall for 5 letters. They do this by chunking.Evaluation
Miller may have overestimated the capacity of STM. Cowan reviewed research and concluded that capacity is only about 4 chunks. this suggests the lower end of Miller's estimate is more appropriate. - 6Duration the length of time information can be held in memory.
- 7Peterson & Peterson - LTM: 24 students took part in 8 trials. Each student given a consonant syllable to remember and a 3 digit number. Student had to count backwards from number. On each trial they were told to stop at 3,6,9,12,15,18 seconds. Results showed the more time, the less they remembered. Suggests STM has a very short duration unless we rehearse.Evaluation
Used meaningless stimuli. Memorising consonant syllables does not reflect real life memory; lacked external validity.
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- A level Psychology (Memory) Flashcards on MEMoRY, created by Helena Tovey on 12/05/2017.
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- Helena Tovey
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