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Learning & memory
Fichas del conjunto (17)
- 13 components of the multi-store modelSensory memory
- 0.25-0.5s
- Taking in info, most is lost/decayed
- Mainly encoded sense specific info
- Useful info is transferred to short term
Short term memory
- 0-18s
- 7 +/- 2 item capacity
- Mainly auditory i.e. language
- Rehearsal is the active method of conversion to long term memory
Long term memory
- Unlimited duration & capacity
- Mainly semantic i.e. meaning - 2Describe the primacy & recency effectAtkinsons and Shiffirins memory model
Memory is poor at recall of 'middle bits', so you remember the first & last bits of info you receive
This effect supports the theory of separates short & long term memory stores, in which the LTM is adaptable, flexible & retrievable - 3What is lost in Alzheimer's disease?Primacy effect
- 4What are the 2 ways in which we think about things?Craig & Tulvings theory of memory which implies how well we remember is not dependent on the storage but on the processing which takes place outside of conscious awareness
Shallow
- focusing on sound or appearance
- more easily forgotten
Deep
- elaborate when rehearsing info, thinking about its meaning
- leads to better recall i.e. the more meaning you give something the more likely you are to remember it - 5Describe the working memory modelBraddeley & Hitch theory of memory
Model of STM has two components:
- Visuospatial sketchpad i.e. inner eye
- Articulatory-phonological loop i.e. inner ear
Coordinated, monitored & instructed by a CENTRAL EXECUTIVE
- also receives long term memory - 6What are flashbulb memories?Vivid & highly detailed snapshots created often at times of shock or trauma
- Usually last forever, but have not gone through rehearsal &
elaboration, as emotion is involved the amygdala acts as a bypass route
- Often it is the feelings & sensation remembered not the event itself --> considers to be stuck at the sensory threat level - 7Interference theoryIntereference occurs when learning of something new causes one to forget older material due to displacement
- 82 types of interferenceProactive interference
- something you learnt a long time ago stops you from learning something new
- involves more emotional meaningful material
Retroactive interference
- something you recently learnt changes or interferes with something you remembered in times gone by
- most often relationships - 9Supervisory attentional systemThere is something that controls what we attend to in order to remember new things & what was over learned we recall without conscious awareness i.e. tasks which you could 'do in your sleep'
- 10Meta-cognitionThinking about thinking
- uses consciousness to determine what we will remember & what we will forget - 11Memory of events & facts =Episodic memory
- 12Memory of automatic 'how to do things' =Procedural memory
- 13Pre-frontal cortex is involved inAttention
Short term memory
Retention of long term memory - 14Medial temporal lobes are involved inConscious learning
Episodic memory - 15What is the hippocampus essential for?Transference of STM to LTM
Control of spatial memory & behaviour - 16Function of the amygdalaProcessing & memory of emotional reactions & social behaviour
- also regulates smell - 17Function of the basal gangliaEssential to memory function, particularly the striatum for formation & retrieval of procedural memory
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- (Neurology) MD4001 Fichas sobre Learning & memory, creado por Lareyna Mcmenemy el 23/10/2019.
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- Lareyna Mcmenemy
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