population

population

1. migration

   • international migration -Poland to the uk
     • push factors
       • low average wage
       • high unemployment rate
       • housing shortages
     • pull factors
       • ease of migration in uk
       • more work
       • higher wages
       • good exchange rate
     • impacts in Poland
       • Poland's population fell
         • birth rate fell aswell because it was mostly young people leaving
       • shortage of workers
         • slowing the growth of the economy
           • polish economy boosted by the money sent home
     • impacts on the UK
       • the uk population went up slightly
         • boosted the economy
       • new shops opened
       • attendance to catholic churches went up
   • key terms
     • immigration-when people move into an area
     • emigration -when people exit an area
     • international migration -when people move to a different area
       • it can be across the world or even just a few miles across the border
     • internal migration -people moving within different region within countries
       • rural-urban migration -people moving from the countryside to the city
   • push factors are negative things of the persons place of origin
     • for things like war, persecution or a natural disaster
   • pull factors are positive things about a persons destination
     • usually for things like job opportunities or a better standard of living
   • positive impacts of migration
     • source country
       • reduced demands on sevices
         • such as schools and hospitals
       • money is sent back to the source country by emigrants
     • receiving country
       • increased labour force
         • young people immigrate to find work
       • migrant workers pay taxes
         • help to fund services
   • negative impacts of migration
     • source country
       • labour shortage
         • most of the people that emigrate are at working age
       • skills shortage
         • sometimes its the more highly educated people that emmigrate
       • ageing population
         • theres a high proportion of older people left
     • receiving country
       • locals and immigrants compete for jobs
         • this can lead to tension
       • increased demand for services
         • e.g. overcrowding in schools and hospitals
       • not all money earnt by immagrents is spent in the destination country
   • Senegal to Italy
     • push factors
       • too hot & too dry to grow crops
       • not enough food for family
       • no electricity, drains or running water
     • pull factors
       • comfortable houses
       • enough food and water
       • jobs and better pay
     • effects on Senegal
       • the family at home gets money sent to them
       • all the young people have left
       • no farmers, fishermen houses fall apart

2. ageing populations

   • economic impacts
     • taxes need to be put up to pay for the pensions of elderly people
     • economy of the country would grow more slowly
   • social impacts
     • health care services are stretched
     • people will need to spend more time working as unpaid care workers so the working population will have less leisure time and become more stressed
     • may have fewer children because they cant afford them
       • leads to a lower birth rate

3. demographic transition model

   • stage 1
     • birth rate is high as country of poor farmers so need children to work death rate high due to poor health care
   • stage 2
     • birth rate remains high
       • death rate drops due to improved health care
   • stage 3
     • birth rate dropd due to increase in contraception and better education for women
       • death rate low
   • stage 4
     • birth and death rate are low so population stabilises
   • birth rate drops below death rate leading to population decline
     • stage 5
   • natural increase
     • through stage 2&3 here birth rate is higher than death rate
     • natural decrease
       • in stages as birth rate is below death rate

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