Flashcards
Week 1: Freud
Cards in this deck (23)
- 1Key assumptions-Motivation: behaviour is motivated by (un)conscious mental processes
-Personality: coherent entity that reflects current motivation and past experience - 2The psychodynamic approach-The psychodynamic approach focuses on the role of internal processes in shaping personality and a person’s behaviour.
- 3Assumptions about behaviour-Psychic determinism: all behaviour has a cause… to be found in the mind
-Importance of unconscious processes
-Continuity of normal and abnormal behaviour
-Value of the clinical data - 4Theory of consciousness-the connection between repressed memories and behaviour introduced a new concept
-conscious level (thoughts, perceptions)
-preconscious level (memories, stored knowledge)
-unconscious level (fears, urges, motives) - 5Psychoanalysis and motivation-children born with fixed libido e.g.
-drive for sex
-the death instinct (thanatos)
-life preserving drives
-behaviour is motivated by attempts to satisfy these instinctual drives - 6The structure of personality1.id
2.ego
3. superego - 7Id-where raw instincts are held (pleasure principle)
-available at birth
-Id becomes socialised, as it runs counter to societal norms - 8Ego-planning thinking, organising
-Operates according to the ‘Reality Principle’
-Mediates between the child and outside world - 9Superego-the conscience of the child
-Comprised of parental evaluations & attitudes
-opposite of Id
-can be conflict between all three which can lead to mental upset - 10Psychosexual Stages of Development-Pleasure principle – and in particular sexual pleasure – is the strongest internal drive
-Receive pleasure from sources i.e. different psychosexual stages, known as the erogenous zone - 11oral stage-Age: 0-18 months
-Pleasure Source: sucking, biting, swallowing
-Feeding events – biggest source of pleasure.
-Erogenous Zone: Lips, tongue, mouth
-over stimulation- oral receptive character
-under stimulation- oral aggressive personality - 12The anal stage-Age: 18 months to 3 years
-Pleasure Source: bowel movements.
-Potty training, and the reinforcement gained from that
-Erogenous Zone: Anal region
-conflict with parents over potty training may lead to fixation
-child may rebel against authority
-tend to be orderly, stubborn, hoarders - 13The phallic stage-Age: 3-5 years
-Pleasure Source: Masturbation
-Erogenous Zone: Genitals
-boys develop castration anxiety, which leads to oedipus
-girls develop penis envy which leads to electra
-male fixation- promiscuous
female- develop masculine traits - 14The latency stage-Age: 5 to 12 years.
-Pleasure Source: socialising
-Socialisation with same-sex others is important.
-Now develop defence mechanisms to cope with id, ego & superego conflict - 15The genital stage-Age: 12 years to 18+
-Pleasure Source: sexual attachment
-Erogenous Zone: Genitals
-normal development- hetero relationships
-conflict in oedipal/electra stage can prevent this - 16Defence mechanisms-Purpose: avoid pain, and protect ourselves
-All use defence mechanisms – it is healthy to do so
-However, when used inappropriately can lead to issues - 17Repression-Individuals repress unacceptable thoughts, feelings & impulses
- 18Denial-Denying unpleasant events or realities
- knowing that you have bills to pay, but ignoring them. - 19Rationalisation-Attempting to explain behaviours / outcomes after they’ve happened
-Helps justify the behaviour, and conceal it’s true meaning - 20Evaluation Point 1: validity- The theory is mainly descriptive not predictive making it difficult to validate.
-therefore, unfalsifiable
-the unconscious mind is difficult to test and measure objectively so its unscientific - 21Evaluation point 2: counter-however, We still refer to his concepts in everyday and scientific life.
Ego, unconscious, subconscious, Freudian slip. - 22Evaluation point 3: determinism-The psychodynamic approach is very determinist as it says that suffering childhood trauma will lead to abnormal behaviour in adulthood, however it ignores the influence of genes (biology), reward (behaviourism), and thinking patterns (cognitive approach).
- 23Evaluation point 4: RWAthe basis of much current-day psychological counselling
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- PS4003 (Personality) Flashcards on Week 1: Freud , created by Veton Vishka2 on 01/11/2017.
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- Veton Vishka2
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