Flashcards
Developmental Psychology
Cards in this deck (22)
- 1Sensorimotor StageLearning through sensory information and motor activity . Representational thought, object permanence, and deferred imitation
- 2Preoperational Stagedevelopment of symbolic function. Increase language use, symbolic play, solving problems mentally. Thinking= transducive reasoning, egocentrisism, and inability to conserve.
- 3concrete operational stageconservation, decentration, and irreversibility. Transivity and hierarchical classification
- 4Formal Operational Stageemergence of hypothetical-deductive reasoning, propositional thought, and a renerwed adolescent egocentrism.
- 5Information processing theoryFocuses on memory, attention, and comprehension. Quantittative over qualititative changes in thought. Human cognition is like a computer; process info using logical rules and strategies.
- 6Information Processing Theory, part 2a limited capacity for nature and amount of info that can be stored. Like computers can improve with new software/ hardware, we can with experience and biological systems.
- 7Vygotsky's Theory of Cognitive DevelopmentCombines social, cultural, and historical context. Believes that learning occurs in 2 stages: 1.) Between child and other person Intrapersonal) and 2.) Child within themselves( interpersonal) .
- 8Private SpeechWhat children use to guide their own actions. First spoken aloud, eventually gets internalized( private) as children get older.
- 9Scaffoldingsupport provided to a child by others. Involves modeling, physical and verbal prompts, asking questions, etc.
- 10Memory in infancy and adulthoodBabies habituate to stimuli soon after birth. Cued recall kicks in by 2-3 months of age. At 3 months, babies can hold a visual stimulus in memory for up to 24 hours. Kids can recall events that happened weeks/ months earlier.
- 11Infantile AmnesiaAdults can't recall anything prior to 3-4 years of age. Causes: incomplete brain development( especially the hypothalamus), a lack of language needed to encode and store memories in a way that allows them to be retrieved in adulthood.
- 12Memory in infancy and adulthood, part 2Memory improves steadily during pre-school and substantially gains in middle childhood. Increase in short term memory capacity, use of rehearsal and other strategies, and improvement in metamemory.
- 13Memory in AdulthoodIn older adults, age-related working memory declines prior due to a decrease in processing efficiency. Long term memory is due to less effective encoding strategies.
- 14IQSternberg's Triarchic Model has 3 types of IQ: 1.) Componential (analytical), 2.) Experoential (creative), and 3.) Practical ( contextual). Analytical- analysis of the the methods used to process information. Creative- how novel situations are handled, and contextual- how people respond to their environment
- 15AssimilationIncorporation of new material into an existing schema
- 16AccommodationModification of current schemas to take account for new information
- 17Freud's Psychosexual stages: Oral stage ( birth- one year)Mouth, tongue, and lips bring sensual pleasure. Newly emerging ego directs basic sucking activities- breast to bottle to satisfy hunger and obtain pleasant stimulation. Fixation can result in thumb sucking and fingernail biting beginning in early childhood. Over eating and smoking later in life.
- 18Anal Stage( 1-3 years).Anal and urethral areas of body produce pleasure. Postpone the release of feces and urine is needed to be learned, and toilet training becomes major conflict. Fixation- anal retentiveness( obsessive punctuality, orderliness, and cleanliness). Anal expansiveness (messiness and disorder).
- 19Phalic Stage ( 3-6 years).Genital stimulation provides pleasure. Oedipal( boys) and Electra ( girls) conflict occurs, creating an unconscious sexual drive for the opposite sex parent and repressing the desire due to fear of punishment by same sex parent. Conflict resolved successfully, superego forms and child identifies with same sex parent
- 20Latency Stage ( 6 years- puberty )Sexual instincts are repressed and dormant. Child focuses on solidifying super ego by playing and identifying with the same sex children and learning social values from society.
- 21Genital stageSex drive of early phalic stage is re-activated and we form love relationships outside the family. If developed in a health way, we express mature sexuality
- 22Erik Erikson's Psychosocial stages:
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- Flashcards on Developmental Psychology , created by Jakob Bednarchuk on 04/01/2020.
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- Jakob Bednarchuk
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