Flashcards
British History
Cards in this deck (19)
- 1Conservatives 1951-64 (successes)Churchill 1951-55:
-ended rationing
-I.D cards were abolished, ended post war-time struggle
Eden 1955-57:
-elections in 1955 to widen majority to 58 seats
MacMillan 1957-63:
-real wages, rose ahead of prices allowing for an increased spending power
-credit was introduced, allowed to borrow large sums of money unavailable without it
-housing, 1.7 million by 1964 - 2Conservative 1951-64 (failures)Eden 1955-57:
-Suez Crisis 1956, highlighted Britain's lack of leadership in world power
MacMillan 1957-63:
-unemployment, increased by 300,000 from 1962 to 63
-industrial growth rate was 2.3% compared to Italy's which was 5.6%
-failed EEC application 1963
-scandals/night of long knives/handover to Douglas Home/embarrassed from EEC rejection - 3Labour 1964-1970 (successes)Wilson:
-youthful image/contrast between himself and Douglas Home/in touch with young peoples wants/technological revolution
-won 1966 election by 110 seats
-social reforms (Roy Jenkins) - 4Labour 1964-70 (failures)Wilson:
-national plan, unable to meet grand targets
-tensions with unions, price and incomes board set up led to a 3 month Seamen's strike and a Docker's strike in 1967
-devaluation 1967, Callaghan resigns as Chancellor and tensions with unions increase
-EEC rejection 1967
-'In Place of Strife' 1969, when Cabinet didn't support it Wilson hid his backing for it and made him look cowardly - 5Conservatives 1970-74 (successes)Heath:
-acceptance into EEC 1973 - 6Conservatives 1970-74 (failures)Heath:
-industrial relations act 1971, NIRC created to validate any action, unions would need to register but none did making it impossible to enforce
-Heath's u-turn, 1971 Rolls Royce was nationalised and Upper Clyde Shipbuilders were granted £34 million
-3 day week, try to defeat the striking miners, miners managed to get 21% page increase when they originally asked for 7%
-international oil price rise 1973, reduced oil supplies to west along with oil increase, prices rose from $2 to $35 a barrel - 7Labour 1974-79 (successes)WIlson:
-Lib-Lab pact 1977 to increase a tiny majority
-referendum on Europe 1975, Wilson allowed the people to speak on their thoughts - 8Labour 1974-79 (failures)Wilson:
-IMF crisis, borrow £3 billion, leading to unemployment of 1.6 million
Callaghan:
-winter of discontent 1978-79, public sector workers strike
-misjudgement of elections, autumn of 1978 showed he was winning in opinion polls but held back and he lost - 9Conservatives Thatcher's First Ministry 1979-1983 (successes)Thatcher:
-monetarism, decreased inflation from 19% to 5%
-Falklands War 1982, increased her popularity ratings - 10Conservatives, Thatcher's First Ministry 1979-83 (failures)Thatcher:
-increased unemployment to 3.3 million in 1983 due to monetarism
-social unrest, rioting in Bristol, Manchester and Liverpool due to poor employment prospects, black people felt alienated and low employment rate in school leavers - 11Thatcher's Second Ministry 1983-87 (successes)Thatcher:
-miner's strike, defeating one of the largest unions and allowed her to push on to increase productivity
- - 12Thatcher's Second Ministry 1983-87 (failures)Thatcher:
-miner's strike, led to further unemployment as mining was a way of life in some towns
-Westland affair 1986, showed how she bullied her cabinet and that her love for America, rather than U.K interests - 13Thatcher's Economic PoliciesThatcher:
-deregulation, finance, education, transport, hospitals and housing
-privatisation, british gas, steel, telecoms etc became privatised leading to £7000 million being raised
-supply side economics, reduced taxation, encouraging competition and improve productivity - 14Thatcher's Domestic PoliciesThatcher:
-local government reforms, Standard Spending Assessment which allowed the central government to control local government expenditure
&
Compulsory Competition Tendering, best service for lowest price
-education reform act 1988, restore some sections of 11+, primary and secondary schools could become independent and paid for by central government, National Curriculum introduced, Key Stages introduced, League Tables to assess exam results - 15Labour Party During Thatcher YearsSocial Democratic Party:
-formed in 1981
-radical, not socialist, force
-hoped to gain members from Labour and Conservative Parties
-in alliance with the Liberals, gained 1/4 of popular vote
-couldn't push on from positive start and in the early 1990s merged with the Liberals to form the Liberal Democrats
Kinnock's Reforms (Labour):
-replaced Foot in 1983
-told party had to adapt to real world otherwise lose everything election
-he u-turned on things such as Europe, nuclear warheads and nationalisation - 16Thatcher's Third Ministry 1987-1990Thatcher:
-Poll Tax 1989-90, taxed people, not property and led to fury throughout the country
-the exchange rate mechanism 1990, told it would lower inflation and actually done opposite, monetary crisis obliged Britain to withdraw in 1992
-claimed she was misled by former Chancellor of the Exchequer, Nigel Lawson and Foreign Secretary, Geoffrey Howe.
-Howe's resignation speech, fired direct shots of criticism at Thatcher, leading to her leadership contest struggle and eventual resignation in 1990.
-Thatcher's popularity ratings were the lowest they had been in 11 years, leading some to question whether they would win the election with her in charge, in which she resigned in 1990. - 17Relations with Northern IrelandBritish Troops Sent in 1969:
-led to the dormant IRA to reform and were viewed as representatives of the imperialist British government which was the root to the problems
Internment Introduced 1971:
-arrested suspected troublemakers and hold without trail, leading to the Catholic community being persecuted and collapse of agreement in Westminster due to Labour disagreeing
Bloody Sunday 1972:
-14 demonstrators shot and killed by British troops (Lord Widgery Report), convinced Republicans that British government were hostile
Diplock Courts 1972:
-hear cases without a jury to prevent the members being intimidated
Sunningdale Agreement 1973:
-Heath suspended the Unionist dominated Stormont
-persuaded Protestants and Catholics to powershare, worked for a bit but they continued to show signs of violence - 18Relations with Northern Ireland (2)Anglo-Irish Agreement 1985:
-Irish Republic to accept Northern Ireland as part of UK
-British government assured it was for full civil rights in Northern Ireland
-Strengthened border co-operation for cross-border security
-Unionists were unwilling to accept as they didn't want any involvement from the Republicans
-Republicans were unwilling to accept as it accepted the factor they were fighting for; Northern Ireland as a part of the UK
Downing Street Declaration 1993:
-Help Northern Ireland with their democratically expressed wishes
-Britain would accept a United Ireland if that's what they wanted
-Irish Republic accept the views of the majority in Northern Ireland and drop traditional view of Northern Ireland as a part of the Republic.
Ceasefire 1994:
-British government and Sinn Fein convinced IRA that the Declaration recognised Republican and Nationalist postions on the status of Northern Ireland and that Britain wasn't committed to indefinite control of Northern Ireland. To which the IRA accepted the ceasefiree
- - 19Relations with Northern Ireland (3)Ceasefire 1994:
-as for the Nationalists, Major assured them that Britain had no intentions of forcing North into a United Ireland.
They accepted in October 1994 and peace was discovered.
Information
- Description
- Flashcards on British History, created by jay.l98 on 19/05/2015.
- Created by
- jay.l98
- Views
- 1
- Rating