Flashcards
Attachment cards - Schaffer and Emerson
Cards in this deck (10)
- 1What was Schaffer and Emerson's study?60 babies (29 female and 31 male) from Glasgow were studied. The researchers visited the babies once a month for their first year. The mother was asked questions about how the children responded to separation and stranger anxiety.
- 2What did they find?Between 25 and 32 weeks, 50% of the children showed separation anxiety towards the mother (being specific attachment). By 40 weeks, 80% of the babies had a specific attachment and almost 30% displayed multiple attachments.
- 3What are Schaffers' stages of attachment?Asocial, Indiscriminate, Specific and Multiple attachments.
- 4What is the asocial stage of attachment?The stage from birth up to 2 months in which a baby is recognising carers and is forming bonds with them. The baby, however, behaves similarly with non-human and human objects. Some people may find it easier to calm the baby at this stage.
- 5What is the Indiscriminate Stage?Between 2 and 7 months, when babies display behaviour that can be more easily observed. They now prefer people over objects, and prefer familiar adults. At this stage, they don't show separation or stranger anxiety.
- 6What is the specific attachment stage?From 7 months onwards. Stranger anxiety begins to form, as does separation anxiety. The adult that causes separation anxiety is called the primary attachment figure.
- 7What is a primary attachment figure?A person who offers the most interaction with the baby and responds to its "signals" the most. The person doesn't necessarily have to spend the most time with the baby.
- 8What is the "multiple attachment" stage?Following an attachment with one adult in the previous stage, babies start to form multiple attachments with other adults. These attachments are called secondary attachments.
- 9What is a strength of the study?Good external validity - As the study was in the families homes, observation was done by parents and reported to researchers later. This means behaviour wouldn't have been affected by the observers, meaning the babies behaved naturally.
- 10What is a weakness of this study?Sample bias - The babies were all from Glasgow and were mostly from working-class backgrounds. This means that the results cannot be generalised to other social contexts.
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- AS level Psychology Flashcards on Attachment cards - Schaffer and Emerson, created by Luke Jones on 11/04/2021.
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