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Flashcards

Little Albert (1920)

Field Jellyfish Psychology AS - Level English 22 cards

Cards in this deck (22)

  1. 12 Aims and 2 Methodologies- To test whether our emotions can also be acquired through classical conditioning
    - To instil phobia by classical conditioning
    - 1 PPT: Albert B. a normal male infant of 9 months old raised in hospital
    - Controlled observation: an investigation to determine the effects of certain stimuli
  2. 2State the 6 stages of the procedure- Emotional Tests
    - Session 1 : establishing a CR
    - Session 2: testing the CR
    - Session 3: Generalisation
    - Session 4: Change of environment
    - Session 5: the effect of time
  3. 3Emotional tests (2)- Confronted with rat, rabbit, dog, monkey, haired mask etc. for the first time in his life
    - Tested with a loud sound of striking a hammer on a suspended metal bar three times
  4. 4Procedure: Session 1(2)- Albert is 11 months and 3 days old
    - When Albert reached to the white rat, metal bar was struck
  5. 5Procedure: Session 2 (2)After a week
    At first, A was shown a white rat without the sound
    And then joint stimulations for five times
  6. 6Procedure: Session 3 (2)The question was 'can the learned link be generalized to other objects?'
    A was presented with a rat, wooden block, Watson's hair etc
  7. 7Procedure: Session 4 (2)Fear was freshened up using further joint stimulations
    A was taken to a large lecture room with 4 people there
  8. 8Procedure: Session 5After a month
    Final test involved Santa mask, rat, dog, blocks, coat
  9. 9Findings: Emotional test (3)- Showed no fear to the objects
    - Mother and nurses reported he never cried
    - When bar was struck, he started violently and at the third time cried
  10. 10Findings: Session 1 (2)- Tested with a white rat, to which A showed
    most positive response
    - Jumped and feel forward when bar struck; whimpered at the second time
  11. 11Findings: Session 2 (5)- Did not reach but just stared at the rat
    - When rat nuzzled his hand, he withdrew it
    - Played happily with blocks
    -> Cautious response just to rat and general emotional state was normal
    - Further joint stimulations: became more and more stressed; cried and crawled away
  12. 12Findings: Session 3 (4)- No response to Watson's hair
    - Same extreme response to rabbit
    - Turned away his head and cried when fur coat and dog presented
    - Played cautiously with the cotton wool
  13. 13Findings: Session 4 (3)- Less extreme response, but after freshening up stronger CR
    -Noticeably different reaction to blocks - happy and did not whimper
    - Shows distinct learned R that persisted towards furry objects
  14. 14Findings: Session 5Not as extreme as previous reaction, but still avoided the rat and whimpered
  15. 15Conclusions (4)- Fear can be learned through class con
    - Just two joint stimulations were sufficient to create the CR and 5 more to bring complete reaction
    - The learned link can be generalised to other objects
    - It is probable that many phobias are acquired this way
  16. 16Other conclusions (3)- Persistency of early CR would only be found in people who are 'constitutionally inferior'
    - Freudian Position:
    -> sucking thumb is explained as sexual pleasure seeking behaviour, but W found that it was to block fear
    -> Equal importance of fear and love in the creation of CR that affect personality
  17. 17Evaluation: Methodology and procedure (4)Controlled study:
    - lab-like setting, so extraneous V controlled
    - Pre-manipulation behaviour established: emotional test showed A wasn't fearful child
    - Control condition: building blocks
    - Filmed so findings can be confirmed that observed effects due to conditioning only
  18. 18Evaluation: Methodology and procedure (3)Sample:
    - Intended to do more ppts but cannot because dismissed from uni
    - A was extremely phlegmatic, so if not results have been stronger and persisted longer
    -> cannot compare and see if the results are unique to A or not
  19. 19Alternative evidence- Had to 'freshen up': if only classical conditioning, may have disappeared?
    -> No. Mowrer's Two Process model:
    Fear established by classical con and maintained by operant con: by avoiding the object it reduces fear, which is negative reinforcement
  20. 20Ethical issues and social implications (4)Risk of harm:
    -> they had to remove his thumb for the response to be obtained
    -> Mother removed him so could not be de-conditioned, so should have been fully informed
    -> Long-lasting effect
    -> 2014 - Life-long avoidance of animals
  21. 21Ethical issues and social implications (2)Creating fear:
    - W+R said this level of fear was normal, it was just A was protected in the hospital
    - But aware that they were distressing him: "relatively little harm...", "not to disturb too seriously..."
  22. 22Ethical issues and social implications (3)- Invalid consent
    - Gave us a greater insight and inspired many psychologists
    - Challenge on Freudian schools

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AS - Level Psychology (Behaviourist Approach) Flashcards on Little Albert (1920), created by Field Jellyfish on 27/04/2016.
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