Flashcards
GENDER THEORISTS
Cards in this deck (16)
- 1Robin Lakoff (women)-Intensifiers
-Apologetic
-More standard form of English
-Indirect requests
-Euphemisms
-Politeness and hedging
-Empty adjectives "sweet" "lovely" - 2Robin Lakoff (men)-Long pauses tolerated
-Frequent disagreement
-Challenge each other and argue
-Competitive to the point of verbal abuse
-mock insults for verbal sparring
-More likely to interrupt and ignore - 3Christine Howe (women)-Women are more active listeners
-Women use minor interjections such as "uh huh" (back channelling)
-The difference between male and female conversation begins at ages 3-4 - 4Christine Howe (men)-Men have strategies for gaining power
-men are more likely to respond/keen to put their views across
-Make it harder for the listener to participate in conversation. - 5Jane Pilkington (women) (Did research into all female + male convo in a bakery over 9 months)-Women talk to affirm solidarity and maintain social relationships
-Women focus on feelings, anecdotes and relationships
-Women agree
-Women support and build on each others' utterances - 6Jane Pilkington (men)-Men find long pauses acceptable
-Men disagree and challenge each others' points
-Men are competitive to a point of verbal abuse
-Men take part in verbal sparring using mock insults - 7Ann Weatherall (women)-Women's talk is co-operative
-Women are more likely to hedge
-Women speak for less time and are less likely to interrupt
-Females use more tag questions - 8Ann Weatherall (men)-Men's talk is competitive
- 9O'Barr and Atkins (women) (Studied language of the courtroom)-Female lawyers were assertive, interrupted and everything that Pilkington said is male)
-Women used weak "female language" as defined by Lakoff
-They said that the weak language is actually a "powerless language"
-Women desire collaboration, equality, understanding, support and approval. - 10O'Barr and Atkins (men)-Men also use Robin Lakoff's weak "female language"
-Their research suggests that it is NOT the difference in sexes but the situations that they face that result in different language usage.
-Men are more concerned with independence and status than equality. - 11Zimmerman and West (women) (analysed single + mixed sex convos between 2 people)-Women overlapped and interrupted men less than they did with women (subverts power difference stereotype)
- 12Zimmerman and West (men)-98% of the interruptions and 100% of the overlaps were done by men
-Men rarely interrupted or overlapped other men's speech but they did both things to women. - 13Deborah Cameron + Coates (women)-Convos between women friends were informal and cooperative
-Women build on each other's comments
-Women use well placed minimal responses to show they are listening
-Interject questions into a speaker's turn without trying to interrupt
-Unlikely to disagree
-Respect face needs
-Use tag questions - 14John Locke (men) (His book duels and duets)-Men lock horns and are competitive to the point of verbal abuse in front of an audience.
-Deep voices and power linked to testosterone levels.
-Only duel in front of an audience. - 15OWN RESEARCH (women)-Old women at an old peoples home are more polite and pleasant towards eachother.
-Women talk more about feelings (Geordie Shore etc)
-Ladette to lady subverts theory - 16OWN RESEARCH (men)-Men are more competitive-observing a football game and the aggression.
-Men do not talk about uncomfortable topics, women always have the chat about taboo topics.
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- AS - Level English Language Flashcards on GENDER THEORISTS , created by R H on 31/05/2016.
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- R H
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