Flashcards
Watson and Rayner - Behavioural Explanation [Dysfunctional Behaviour]
Cards in this deck (9)
- 1BackgroundSkinner (1938) - Operant Conditioning Origins: suggested animals would determine likelihood of repeating behaviour depending on consquence
- 2Aims1. To see if it is possible to induce a fear of a previously unfeared object, through classical conditioning
2. To see if the fear would be transferred to similar objects
3. To see whether it is possible to remove the fear response in a laboratory - 3ParticipantCase study of Little Albert
- child of a wet nurse at the hospital
- "stolid and unemotional"
- study began when he was 11 months - 4Procedure before Study beganAt 8 months he did not fear the rat
[Baseline Reaction]
Then test showed he reacted violently when steel bar was hit with a hammer
→ startled, held breath, began to cry - 5Session 1Presented with rat, every time he reached for it, a steel bar was struck
+ First time it was hit when he touched the rat, he jumped and fell forwards
+ Second time he began to whimper
+ Then given a week off - 6Session 2Rat alone was presented; then 3 presentations of rat + loud noise
Followed by 1 of rat; 2 of rat + noise; final one of rat
At the end of session 2, Albert reacted to rat alone by immediately crying, turning left and crawling away quickly - 7Session 3 - See if fear was transferredBrought back 5 days later and given toy blocks → (neutral stimulus that could be used to stop fear response)
Presented with rat, then rabbit, dog, seal-fur coat, cotton wool, Watson's hair, santa mask ; interspersed with blocks
= Block- played with happily
= Other stimuli produced same negative response
→ less of a reaction for cotton wool - 8Session 4 - See effect of timeWaited another 5 days then presented with rat alone
→ Same response but weaker
Decided to "freshen-up" response, and also conditioned him to dog and rabbit
Then taken to well-lit lecture theatre to see if reaction was the same as in small Lab
= fear response to animal pronounced
= reaction in different room was slight
→ "freshened up" again and fear response was more pronounced
= blocks did still not produce response - 9Session 5One month later was tested with various stimuli including mask, rat and coat
= continued to show fear reactions to all, in varying degrees
= less frightened of rabbit and wanted to play, but showed fear after touching it
[NOTE: after this point Albert was taken out of the study]
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- A-Level Psychology (Health - Dysfunctional Behaviour) Flashcards on Watson and Rayner - Behavioural Explanation [Dysfunctional Behaviour], created by Amelia S on 02/06/2016.
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