Flashcards
Chapter 19 - Exploring Psychology in Modules 10th Edition
Cards in this deck (18)
- 1learningthe process of acquiring
through experience new and relatively
enduring information or behaviors. - 2associative learninglearning that
certain events occur together. The
events may be two stimuli (as in classical
conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning). - 3stimulusany event or situation that
evokes a response. - 4respondent behaviorbehavior that
occurs as an automatic response to
some stimulus. - 5operant behaviorbehavior that
operates on the environment, producing
consequences. - 6cognitive learningthe acquisition
of mental information, whether by
observing events, by watching others, or
through language. - 7classical conditioninga type of learning in which one learns to link two or
more stimuli and anticipate events. - 8behaviorismthe view that psychology
(1) should be an objective science that
(2) studies behavior without reference
to mental processes. Most research
psychologists today agree with (1) but
not with (2). - 9neutral stimulus (NS)in classical
conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no
response before conditioning. - 10unconditioned response (UR)in
classical conditioning, an unlearned,
naturally occurring response (such as
salivation) to an unconditioned stimulus
(US) (such as food in the mouth). - 11unconditioned stimulus (US)in
classical conditioning, a stimulus
that unconditionally—naturally and
automatically—triggers an unconditioned response (UR) - 12conditioned response (CR)in classical conditioning, a learned response to a
previously neutral (but now conditioned)
stimulus (CS). - 13conditioned stimulus (CS)in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant
stimulus that, after association with an
unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to
trigger a conditioned response (CR) - 14acquisitionin classical conditioning,
the initial stage, when one links a neutral
stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus
so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a
reinforced response. - 15extinctionthe diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical
conditioning when an unconditioned
stimulus (US) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS); occurs in operant
conditioning when a response is no
longer reinforced. - 16spontaneous recoverythe reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished
conditioned response. - 17generalizationthe tendency, once a
response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to
elicit similar responses. - 18discriminationin classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish
between a conditioned stimulus and
stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus.
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- Psychology Flashcards on Chapter 19 - Exploring Psychology in Modules 10th Edition, created by Ralph Hogaboom on 01/11/2016.
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