Human Demographics

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BIO2129
Shareef Akbari
Flashcards by Shareef Akbari, updated more than 1 year ago
Shareef Akbari
Created by Shareef Akbari almost 8 years ago
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Why do humans have such a high population density compared to what our body size says we should have? Humans are able to structure society in a way that allows us to avoid the things that normally reduce population density.
What is Malthus' simplistic view as to why human populations will crash? What's the problem with this view? Population increases exponentially, resources increase linearly. It doesn't take into account technology which can increase resource availability.
Why have human populations increased by a massive amount even though recently land used for agriculture has barely increased? While land used for agriculture has only increased a small amount, agricultural efficiency has increased by a large margin.
What are the two reasons for rapid human population growth? 1. Rapid decrease in mortality with no decrease in birth rates 2. Decrease in infectious diseases
Describe the 5 stages of the demographic transition model in terms of birth and death rates. 1. Pre-modern: High birth and death rates 2. Industrialization: High birth rates but death rates decrease 3. Mature industrialization: low death rates, birth rates decrease 4. Post industrial: Low birth and death rates.
What are the three factors that affect birth rates. 1. Per capita GDP 2. Income inequality 3. Education of women
What is an ecological footprint? The area of productive land required to support 1 person with resources to sustain their affluence.
What is the equation for environmental impact? I=PAT I= impact P= population number A = Affluence T = technology
What are the three types of environmental scarcity? How do they arise? 1. Demand-induced scarcity: result of high population number. 2. Supply-induced scarcity: result of degradation of resources 3. Structural scarcity: result of unequal distributions of wealth.
Have humans exceeded their carrying capacity? Probably.
Why doesn't the optimistic guess of human carrying capacity make sense? Doesn't take into account equity, economic level, stability or biological impacts.
What is the living planet index? The measure of the state of the world's biological diversity based on vertebrate population trends.
Organisms must _____ or ______ due to climate change. 1. Move 2. Die
What are the 3 changes that climate change causes? 1. Range shifts 2. Phenological shifts 3. Change in ecological interactions
What is phenology? Study of periodic plant and animal lifecycle events
Why does range expansion? It happens due to a reduction in climate related barriers along poleward margins. Can also occur along equator-ward margins caused by the imposition of intolerable climates.
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