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Flashcards

Tapeworms & Fluke 1

Florence Edwards Animal Disease 1 English 58 cards

Cards in this deck (58)

  1. 1What is the latin binomial for liver fluke?Fasciola hepatica
  2. 2What is meant by Linnean classification?Classification from Kingdom-Species
    Latin binomials
  3. 3What is meant by a helminth?Worm
  4. 4Which phylum do tapeworms and flukes belong to?Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
  5. 5What is the technical term for flukes?Trematodes
  6. 6What is the technical term for tapeworms?Cestodes
  7. 7Where do fluke attach in fish?Gills - good blood supply
  8. 8Why are fluke that infect fish flat?Hydrodynamics
  9. 9Which organs are present in a trematode?Blind-ended gut
    Excretory system
    Reproductive system
  10. 10Which reproductive organs are present in trematodes?Hemaphroditic so have both male and female reproductive organs
  11. 11What is the term for the skin-like structure of trematodes?Tegument
  12. 12What is the definitive host of liver fluke?Sheep
  13. 13Where does adult liver fluke live in the definitive host?Bile ducts
  14. 14What is the intermediate host of liver fluke?Galba truncatula
    Amphibious mud snail
  15. 15What do eggs develop into once passed out in the faeces of infected sheep?Miracidium - embryonic structure developing within egg
    Once fully developed and in wet conditions egg is shed
  16. 16How is the miracidium able to swim?Cilia
  17. 17How does the miracidium develop in the snail?Multiply asexually
  18. 18Which form of liver fluke is shed from snails?Cercaria
  19. 19How is the cercaria able to swim?Flagellum
  20. 20Why does the cercaria require water?Swim to grass
  21. 21What happens to the cercaria when it reaches vegetation?Loses tail and encysts
    Known as metacercaria
  22. 22How do sheep become infected with liver fluke?Ingesting grass contaminated with metacercaria
  23. 23What is the definition of the definitive host?Where parasite reaches maturity and reproduces sexually
  24. 24What is the definition of the intermediate host?Necessary secondary host required for the parasite to complete its life cycle
  25. 25What is meant by the pre patent period?Time between infection by parasite and when the parasite begins to reproduce and produce eggs
  26. 26How long is the pre-patent period in liver fluke?12 weeks
  27. 27Describe how liver fluke reaches the bile duct once ingestedPenetrates through intestine into abdominal cavity
    Migrates up suspensory ligament of liver
    Digests chemically and physically through the liver capsule and parenchyma until it reaches the bile duct
  28. 28What physical changes occur to the liver as a result of liver fluke migration?Haemorrhagic tracts
    Eventually followed by healing and fibrosis
  29. 29What causes the acute phase of liver fluke?Damage to liver during migration
  30. 30When does the acute phase of liver fluke occur?Approximately 6 weeks following infection when fluke are migrating through the liver
  31. 31What may cause death in acute phase liver fluke infection?Severe liver damage
  32. 32What causes chronic phase fluke infection?Blood loss from feeding in bile ducts
  33. 33When does chronic phase fluke infection occur?Approximately 12 weeks following infection when fluke reaches bile ducts
  34. 34Give a symptom of chronic phase fluke infectionEmaciation
  35. 35Give an example of a change in the bile ducts that may occur due to the host immune response to liver flukeCalcification of bile ducts
  36. 36What is the immune response to liver fluke?Antibody and complement reaction
  37. 37How does liver fluke carry out immune evasion?Sheds tegument to prevent antigen recognition
  38. 38Why can the immune response to fluke be problematic?When tegument is shed immune complexes bind to migration trail rather than the actual organism
    Results in inflammation and damage
  39. 39What is meant by immune modulation?Chronic phase of liver fluke affects the host immune response
  40. 40How can humans become infected with fluke?Metacercaria grow on vegetation (such as watercress) in water that has been contaminated with sheep faeces
    If humans ingest the vegetation without properly washing they can become infected
  41. 41Which part of the body does fluke infect in people?Eye
  42. 42Give 5 disadvantages of regular worming to prevent flukeRepeated treatments needed
    Costly
    Drug residues in meat and milk
    Environmental effects
    Parasite resistance
  43. 43What is the optimal temperature for fluke development?15-22 degrees Celsius
  44. 44Below which temperature does fluke development cease?5 degrees Celsius
  45. 45What is meant by aestivation of liver fluke?Dormant infection when snails (intermediate host) hibernate
  46. 46What is the main risk period for fluke?Late in grazing season
  47. 47Describe the calendar of fluke infection when snails are infected in SummerOverwintered eggs on pasture or shed by chronically infected animals
    Hatch in early Spring or Summer
    Summer infection of snails
    Take time to develop in snail = metacercaria in Autumn
    Ingested late in grazing season
  48. 48When does acute disease occur with Summer infection of snails?Autumn
  49. 49When does chronic disease occur with Summer infection of snails?Throughout Winter
  50. 50Describe the calendar of fluke infection when snails are infected in WinterEggs hatched in Autumn (shed by infected animals)
    Infection of snails before hibernation so infection 'carries over' to following Spring
    Metacercaria on pasture in Spring
  51. 51Give 2 conditions that can be caused by SchistosomaBilharzia
    Swimmer's itch
  52. 52What is the reason for itching caused by Schistosoma?Penetrate skin
  53. 53Why is the lancet fluke Dicrocoelium dendriticum less pathogenic?Less migration
    Enters bile duct directly from small intestine
  54. 54Describe the life cycle of Dicrocoelium dendriticumInfects land snail
    Extruded in slime
    Infects ants
    Modifies ant behaviour to increase chance of re-ingestion by grazing animal
  55. 55What is meant by a direct life cycle?No intermediate host
  56. 56What is meant by pathogenesis?Changes to host caused by parasite
  57. 57Give 2 general symptoms of liver flukeAnaemia
    Hypoalbuminaemia
  58. 58Give 3 changes in the liver that may be caused by liver flukeHyperplasia of bile ducts
    Hepatic fibrosis
    Ischaemia of parts of the liver

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Animal Disease 1 (Parasitology) Flashcards on Tapeworms & Fluke 1, created by Florence Edwards on 26/01/2017.
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