Flashcards
Pavlov experiment (1927)
Cards in this deck (19)
- 1What was the aim of Pavlov's experiment?to study natural associations between stimuli and reflex responses in organisms, specifically dogs
- 2Why did Pavlov use dogs?they have some higher-order thinking but are still easy to manage during testing
- 3What was he interested in?cerebral functioning and how it leads to survival
- 4Which reflex did Pavlov investigate?dogs salivating when they see food (innate unconditioned response)
- 5What was the procedure?Soundproofed lab.
Attach tube to saliva gland.
Presented dogs with food = salivate.
Food + bell = salivate.
Continue to do this until it became conditioned.
Just the bell = salivate - 6What are the variations of Pavlov's experiment?vanilla odour,
visual test involving a rotating disk being seen prior to food being given,
Paired the sound of a metronome (CS) with a shape or colour (NS) - 7What was the control condition?meat in mouth
- 8results of the control condition?immediate salivation
- 9Results of the metronome study?salivation started after 9 seconds, by 45 seconds 11 drops had been collected
- 10Results of electric buzzer study?Electric buzzer sounded after the meat gave no salivation.
Electric buzzer sounded before meat and paired just once gave salivation. - 11What did the dog have to be and what did the conditions need to be like for conditioning to take place?Dog had to be alert.
No other stimuli present. - 12Results of secondary conditioning?can occur when the first CS (e.g. metronome), which gives the CR is paired with another NS (e.g. a buzzer)
- 13What did Pavlov conclude?that it is 'signalisation' in the brain that links the metronome to food and gives the reflex response of salivation - Signalisation is needed for survival
- 14What did he find when he repeated the experiment on other dogs?similar findings - however with 2 dogs it produced the opposite results (CC is sensitive to individual differences)
- 15Why is Pavlov's study scientific?based on empirical evidence carried out by controlled experiments (increased internal validity)
- 16What does Pavlov simplify behaviour into?stimulus and response (reductionist e.g. reflexes aren't enough to survive)
- 17Why is Pavlov's study not scientific?unable to measure brain activity in any direct way and had to assume what was happening in the cerebral cortex - subjective
- 18Why can't the results be generalised from dogs to humans?different brains
- 19How were extraneous variables controlled and why is this a good thing?dogs were in a chamber with no other stimuli present - can be sure that IV causes DV
Information
- Description
- A level Psychology (4 Learning Theories) Flashcards on Pavlov experiment (1927), created by Ella Middlemiss on 28/03/2017.
- Created by
- Ella Middlemiss
- Views
- 3
- Rating
More on Classical conditioning