Flashcards
Social Learning Theory
Cards in this deck (25)
- 1What is the general principle of social learning theory?that children and adults learn by observing then imitating the behaviour
- 2what does this type of learning aim to do?explain learning where there is no obvious external reinforcement involved
- 3What do humans have expectations about and what are these expectations based on?expectations about the effects of their behaviour and the kind of reinforcement they get. These are often based on what people see occurring around them. It's these expectations that influence behaviour.
- 4We tend to imitate people who are...significant in our lives
powerful
similar to us
reinforced for their actions - 5What do we imitate?What we believe we are capable of doing.
- 6When are we more likely to copy behaviour?when we see someone reinforced for their behaviour (vicarious reinforcement)
- 7What constitutes an effective role model?typically the same sex as the observer and can be admired for having status/power
- 8Vicarious Reinforcementlearning from the success and mistakes of others
- 9What does Bandura make a distinction between?learning through observation and the actual imitation of what has been learned
- 10What is the essential cognitive process required for social learning to take place?attention
- 11As a result of being reinforced, people form () about the consequences that future behaviors are likely to bring - not all learning has to be copied directlyexpectations
- 12What are the 4 stages of SLT?Attention
Retention
Reproduction
Motivation - 13Attentionfor effective modelling, attention to the role model is required - cognitive element of SLT.
- 14What 3 things can attention depend on?The distinctiveness of the situation.
The alertness of the observer.
The gender of the model. - 15Retentionobserver must retain or store what they have seen - use imagery and language to process and retain the information. Stored as mental images or verbal descriptions.
- 16Reproductionreproducing what has been observed - factors such as physical capabilities of the individual and and perceived ability to copy a behaviour are important. Known as self-efficacy.
- 17Motivationneed incentive to copy a behaviour - if a reward is offered we are more likely to reproduce the behaviour
- 18What two types of motivation are there?Intrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation - 19Intrinsic Motivationdoing an activity because it feels good rather than a physical outcome
- 20Extrinsic Motivationcopying an activity due to a motivator that is tangible (a physical reward such as a trophy)
- 21What is also a form of motivation?vicarious reinforcement - seeing the role model receive an incentive and the observer believing they can get the same incentive if they copy the behaviour
- 22Why is it a good thing that SLT is based on lab research?highly controlled - high internal validity
- 23Why is it a good thing that the theory allows for individual differences such as in self-efficacy?less reductionist - more ideographic
- 24What has this theory made significant contribution to? (application)aggression and phobia research and treatment
- 253 reasons as to why this theory is reductionist?Simplifies behaviour to 4 stages: attention, retention, reproduction and motivation.
Also only looks at nurture - ignores biological factors.
Ignores the influence of free will.
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- A level Psychology (4 Learning Theories) Flashcards on Social Learning Theory, created by Ella Middlemiss on 01/04/2017.
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- Ella Middlemiss
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