Flashcards
AQA GCSE Biology B1 - Lifestyle & Disease
Cards in this deck (19)
- 1Why do you need to eat food?Carbohydrates - energy
Fats - insulation and energy
Protein - growth, cell repair/replacement
Fibre - maintains healthy digestion
Vitamins/Mineral Ions - keep skin/bones/blood healthy - 2Why do energy requirements vary? METABOLIC RATEMuscle > Fat = higher metabolism
Bigger = more cells need energy = higher metabolism
Men = higher metabolism than women
More exercise = higher metabolism - 3Malnurishment FATExcess carbs/fat cause obesity.
20% over recommended body mass.
Causes = hormones, bad diet, no exercise.
Effects = arthritis, type 2 diabetes, heart disease and high blood pressure.
Saturated fat causes high cholesterol. - 4CholesterolFound in the blood.
You need cholesterol for your cell membranes and to make vital hormones.
Too much saturated fats = high cholesterol
increases risk of heart disease - 5How/why is cholesterol distributed?Cholesterol - made in the liver
Carried to body cells for healthy cell membranes by LDLs
(Low-density lipoproteins)
Healthy = HDLs > LDLs
(High-density lipoproteins) - 6Malnurishment THINLack of food/unbalanced food groups.
Effects = slow growth, fatigue, poor resistance to infection, irregular periods.
Lack of vit/min causes deficiency diseases, e.g. no vit C causes scurvy which affects the skin, joints and gums. - 7What causes infectious diseases?microorganisms entering and attacking your body.
Are called PATHOGENS. - 8How do viruses differ to bacteria?1) Viruses are smaller than bacteria 2) Bacteria invades the body & damage cells with toxins - viruses invade cells & replicate until the cells explode, releasing the virus.
They both have antigens on the surface. - 9What are the four main ways infectious diseases can be spread?1) Droplet infection
2) Direct contact
3) Contaminated food or drink
4)Through a break in your skin - 10How does your body protect you from these pathogens?1) Skin, hair and mucus in respiratory tract.
2) Platelets clot blood around cuts (scabs.)
3) Immune system releases white blood cells. - 11How do these white blood cells work?They engulf and digest foreign cells.
Virus -They produce proteins (antibodies) to kill invading cell; specific to antigen. Antibodies are then produced rapidly to kill all or similar viruses. Person now immune.
Bacteria - Similarly produce antitoxins. - 12Antibiotics VS PainkillersAntibiotics - kill bacteria but not viruses. They are relevant to the bacteria; Penicillin
Painkillers - relieve pain/symptoms, (e.g. aspirin) but don't cure; e.g. colds. - 13Give one example of one bacterial and one viral disease which you can be immunised against.Bacterial: Tetanus and diphtheria
Viral: Polio, measles and mumps - 14Who was the first person to discover penicillin?Alexander Flemming
- 15Why/how are bacteria resistant to antibiotics?They can mutate to become resistant.
So, only non resistant bacteria will be affected by any antibiotics.
The resistants survive and increase.
e.g. MRSA - even resist Methicillin. - 16How can we prevent this from happening?Slow down rate of resistant strains.
Doctors avoid over-prescribing antibiotics for unnecessary infections. - 176 mark question - investigating microorganisms in school.Pour agar jelly into a clean Petri dish.
Use inoculating loops to transfer microorganisms into Petri dish.
(antibiotics in areas to test resistance)
Non resistants die, resistants survive.
(disinfectants in areas to test effectiveness) - 18What safety precautions should you take?Sterilise equipment - prevents unwanted microorganisms from contaminating.
(Inoculating loop through Bunsen flame)
Lid taped on - no microorganisms from air.
25 degrees in school - no harmful growth
much higher degrees in industry. - 19What is agar jelly?A liquid or gel containing the carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals the microorganisms need to grow.
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- These are just a few questions based on Biology B1 unit 1, trying to help out any one doing their GCSE's with some simple and more difficult questions with answers on the back. Good luck.
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- Beth Harker
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- Created by Olivia Phillips · Jun 5, 2014
- Copied by Beth Harker · Apr 25, 2017
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