4.3 Social Cognitive Theory

4.3 Social Cognitive Theory

1. Socialization

   • The process of becoming a member of a social group.
   • Primary
     • Child learns basic rules and norms of living in their group.
     • Social norms are passed between group mem's.
     • Gender soc.
       • Kids learn attitudes & behavs apropriate for gen.
     • Cutlural soc.
       • Child taught racial, cultural, ethnic heritage.
     • Most imp forces: family, school peers.
     • Close to target, forces bond directly with youth & transmit behav. & attitudal norms
   • Secondary
     • Forces: larger community, extended fam & media.
     • Influence behav by reinforcing or interfereing with transmittions o norms from primary sources.
     • Group soc.
       • Indi's peer group influence personality & behav.
       • Type of secondary soc.

2. Four Cognitive Processes in Learning by Bandura

   • Attnetion
     • The extent to which we notice certain behvaiours.
     • Observational Learning
       • Stimuli that serve to expose learners to behavs. are the models in the social envi.
         • People with whom the indi associates
   • Retention
     • How well a behaviour is remembered,
   • Reproduction
     • Ability of observer to repeat behav.
     • Affected by self-afficacy (belief that you can accomplish a task)
       • Four sources of self-afficacy
         • Mastery Experiences
           • Past successes/ failures
         • VicExperiencesarious
           • Success/failure of models
         • Social Persuasion
           • Social support = more effort
         • Emotional and Physical states
           • Positive/ negative mood
   • Motivation
     • The will to perform a behav..
     • Highly influenced by reinforcement.

3. Social Cog. T.

   • Attempt to explain how we learn from others.
   • Direct learning
     • Learning by preforming an action/ experiencing consequences ourselves.
   • Indirect learning
     • Learning by observation of consequences of others.
   • Began as Social Learning Theory
     • Based on behaviourist approach
       • Use of classical and operant conditioning
       • Emphasis on observable behav, assumes most behav learned from envi.
         • One-way relationship, too simplistic
   • Proposed by Bandura, Based on Recirpocal Determinism
     • Personal (cognition, bio,mood), behaviour & environment influence eachother
   • Bandura adopted a cognitive approach
     • Instead of stimulus - behaviour, it's stimulus - cognition - behaviour
       • Agentic approach
         • Have control over behav
         • Have forethought
         • Regulate behav
         • Reflect on self
         • Humans are agents, don't just react to world around us
         • Vicarious Learning
           • Learn from mist. & succ. of others
         • Vicarious Reinforcement
           • Learn from reinf. experi. by others