The English Reformation

Initially, as the reformation spread across Germany, the English led by Henry Vlll, were very much against it
1. Political consideration led Henry Vlll to reconsider his position.
2. Henry Vlll was married to Catherine of Aragon, Charles V, Emperer of the HRE and King Spain was her nephew.
  1. She couldn't have kids.
  2. At first everything was going fine until Catherine couldn't give Henry a son and only ended up producing one sickly girl, Mary (bloody Mary)
    1. Henry wanted a divorce but it was not permitted and she didn't agree so Henry sought out an annulment from the Pope of their 18 year marriage.
      1. He argued that Catherine had already married his brother
      2. The pope, fearful of alienating Charles V, refused Henry's request.
        Henry was enraged and "asked" church officials in England for an annulment.
        The highest church official in England, the Archbishop of Canterbury grants Henry the annulment in 1533.
        It allowed Henry to marry Anne Botelyn, who had Elizabeth three months later.
        He married Anne Boleyn who had Elizabeth three months later/
Hmw notes:
1. The leader was Queen Elizabeth I
  1. The Anglican+protestant churches were similar to the Catholic church in doctrines and ceremonies.
    1. other protestantism +reformations were happening in other countries
2. Huldrych Zwingli (catholic priest) began religious reforms- influenced by Eurasmus and Luther
  1. he attacked/abused in catholic church+ wanted to go back to early christianity- more freedom for people.
    1. his reforms were adapted in Zurich churches.
    2. in 1531, a war broke out between swist protestants and catholics, leading to his death
      1. Calvinism-- John Calivin was a law student playing with interpretation on religion.
        he helped to convince people to support Luther
        He made a book called institutes of the Christian religion (god, salvation, human nature)
        He believed that God only saved a few people called the elect (no indulgences)
        This doctrine is predestination
        his religion was Calvinism
        Calvin leads the Reformation in Switzerland
        theocracy was the best government (ruled by religious leaders)
        Protestants wanted him to rule so he did---- his leadership was very strict but was though of as model city/citizens.
3. Calvinism Spreads
  1. John Knox put his ideas to work.
    1. Each community church was governed by a group of lay men (called elders or presbyters)-- his followers were called presbyterians.
      1. In the late 1560s, protestant nobles made Calvinism the religion.

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The English Reformation

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	Created by Monroe Anastasi over 1 year ago