Social Learning Theory

Social Learning Theory

1. Suggests that people learn through observation and imitation of role models, via vicarious reinforcement with the help of mediational processes.

2. Learning occurs directly (classical/operant conditioning) but also indirectly.

3. Albert Bandura proposed SLT as a development of the behaviourist approach.

4. Vicarious Reinforcement

   • Reinforcement which is not directly experienced but occurs through observing someone else be reinforced for a behaviour.
   • For indirect learning to occur an individual observes the behaviour of others.
     • Usually imitation only occurs if behaviour is seen to be rewarded (reinforced) not punished.
   • Bandura and Walters (1963)

5. Mediational Processes

   • Cognitive factors. Influence learning and come between stimulus and response.
   • Attention.
     • The extent to which we notice certain behaviours
   • Retention
     • How well the behaviour is remembered.
   • Motor reproduction
     • Ability of the observer to perform the behaviour.
   • Motivation
     • Will to perform the behaviour.

6. 'Bridge' between behaviourist learning theory and the cognitive approach. Focuses on how cognitive factors are involved in learning.

7. Identification

   • When an observer associates themselves with a role model and wants to be like them.
   • People, especially kids, are likelier to imitate people they identify with.
   • Modelling
     • Process of imitating a role model.
   • Person becomes a role model if they are seen to be similar to the observer and/or are attractive and have high status.