Karteikarten
1_1_The Learning Approach - Behaviourism
Karten in diesem Stapel (12)
- 1What are the assumptions of the learning approach:behaviorism?- Only interested in what is observable
- Basic processes can be observed in ALL species - 2What are the 2 forms of learning looked at in the behaviourist approach?Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning - 3Who first demonstrated classical conditioning?Pavlov
- 4What did he find from his study?That dogs could be conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell if the bell sound was repeatedly paired with food
- 5What is the basic formula for classical conditioning?UCS -> UCR
NS -> No response
UCS + NS = UCR
(repeat this)
NS becomes the CS
So, CS -> CR - 6Who suggested operant conditioning?BF Skinner
- 7What are the 3 types of consequences of behaviour?Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Punishment - 8What are the 2 experiments that were done in Skinner's box?1. Used rats, and sometimes pigeons, to test positive reinforcement. A food pellet was given when the rat pressed a lever - rat continually presses lever
2. Testing negative reinforcement - An electric shock is given until rat presses the lever - When rat experiences shock it presses lever to stop this - 9Strength of behaviorist approach (scientific):- Approach has scientific credibility
- Focused on measurable behaviour in highly controlled settings (Replicable)
- Behaviourism was V. Influential in development of psychology as a science
- RESULT: Greater credibility and status - 10Strength of behaviorist approach (application):- Real life application
- Principle have been applied to real world behaviours and problems
- E.g. Prisons - Token economy system (good behaviours are rewarded with tokens for other privileges)
- Classical conditioning also helped with treatment for phobias - 11Weakness of behaviourist approach (mechanistic)- From this perspective animals and humans are seen as machine-like
- No conscious insight into behaviour - 12Weakness of behaviourist approach (ethics)- Ethical issues in animal studies
- Animals were exposed to stressful situation which may have affected HOW they reacted in the experiment (and may have caused harm)
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- Mock exam (Approaches) Karteikarten am 1_1_The Learning Approach - Behaviourism, erstellt von Mollie Thompson am 24/01/2017.
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- Mollie Thompson
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- Erstellt von Mollie Thompson · 19 Mai 2016
- Kopiert von Mollie Thompson · 11 Jan 2017
- Kopiert von Mollie Thompson · 24 Jan 2017
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