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Flashcards

Brainstem

Lareyna Mcmenemy MD4001 English 37 cards

Cards in this deck (37)

  1. 13 parts of the brainstemMid-brain
    Pons
    Medulla oblongata
  2. 2Location of the brainstemBetween spinal cord, cerebellum & cerebrum
    Relations:
    Anterior - clivus, nerves & vessels
    Posterior - cerebellum & attachements
    Inferior - foramen mangum & spinal cord
    Superior - tentorium & diencephalon
  3. 3Connections to the cerebellumSuperior cerebellar peduncle (Midbrain)
    Middle cerebellar pudencle (Pons)
    Inferior cerebellar peduncle (Medulla)
  4. 4How are the cranial nerve nuclei organised?Somatic motor nuclei medial
    Somatic sensory nuclei lateral
  5. 5Medial longitudinal fasciculusTract which links the oculomotor & abducens nuclei
    - allows for coordination between CN III & CN VI when moving the eyes in one direction
  6. 6Horner's syndrome pathwayBegins in hypothalamus descends laterally, exits at T1 & ascends in the cervical sympathetic chain & joins the carotid a. before entering the eye alongside CN III (oculomotor n.)
    Lesion at T1 (Pancoast tumour) can give sympathetic problem:
    - Ipsilateral ptosis, myosis & anhidrosis
  7. 7Pupillary constriction reflexWhen a light is shone into one eye, that pupil constricts (direct response) & the other pupil constricts (consensual response)
    Pathways goes down the optic nerve, synapses in the brainstem, which goes through the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, that sends a signal back via CN III to constrict the pupil
  8. 8Edinger-Westphal nucleusCN III - Oculomotor
    Control pupillary constriction & lens accommodation
  9. 9Oculomotor nucleusBelow Edinger-westphal nucleus
    Control of extra-ocular muscles except Superior oblique & Lateral rectus
  10. 10Trochlear nucleusControl of superior oblique
  11. 11Abducens nucleusControl of lateral rectus
  12. 12Vestibulocochlear nucleusSensory nucleus involved in balance & hearing
    Involved in initiation of postural reflexes through the vestibulospinal tracts
  13. 13Trigeminal mesencephalic nucleusMidbrain nucleus
    Sensory nucleus involved with proprioception of the mouth
  14. 14Trigeminal motor nucleusControls muscles of mastication
  15. 15Trigeminal pontine (principal) sensory nucleusSensory nucleus involved in facial discrimination of touch
  16. 16Trigeminal spinal nucleusSensory nucleus involved with pain & temperature sense from face, posterior tongue, pharynx, larynx & ear
  17. 17Facial nucleusMotor nucleus involved in control of muscles of facial expression, stapedius & posterior belly of digastric
  18. 18Hypoglossal nucleusMotor nucleus involved with control of tongue muscles
  19. 19Nucleus ambiguusMotor nucleus associated with CN IX & X
    Motor to pharynx & larynx
  20. 20Salivatory nucleusParasympathetic nucleus which controls lacrimal & nasal glands (via CN VII) & salivary glands (via CN VII & IX)
  21. 21Solitary nucleusSensory nucleus associated with CN VII, IX & X
    Involved in taste, carotid baroreceptors & visceral afferents from pharynx, larynx, lungs & gut
  22. 22Dorsal motor nucleus of vagusParasympathetic nucleus involved in secretomotor function to lungs & gut, & control of HR
  23. 23Medial geniculate nucleusNon-cranial nerve nuclei located in the midbrain
    Relays auditory stimuli to the cerebral cortex
  24. 24Red nucleusNon-cranial nerve nucleus located in the midbrain
    Motor co-ordination
    - part of extrapyramidal system
  25. 25Substantia nigraNon-cranial nerve nucleus located in the midbrain
    Motor co-ordination
    - part of extrapyramidal system
    - part of basal ganglia
  26. 26Superior colliculiNon-cranial nerve nucleus located in the midbrain
    Co-ordinates head movements in response to visual stimuli
  27. 27Inferior colliculiNon-cranial nerve nucleus located in the midbrain
    Co-ordinates head & upper body movements in response to auditory stimuli
  28. 28Reticular formationNon cranial nerve nuclei in midbrain, pons & medulla involved in conscious & cortical arousal
    Diffuse collection of neurones spanning all up & down brainstem
    Diverse functions:
    - Posture, respiration, HR & sleep/arousal
  29. 29Pontine nucleusNon-cranial nerve nucleus in the pons
    Acts as a link between the cerebral cortex & cerebellum
  30. 30Olivary nucleusNon-cranial nerve nucleus in the medulla oblongata
    Auditory control (sup.) & movent control (inf.)
  31. 31Vital centresNon-cranial nerve nuclei in the medulla oblongata
    Regulate HR, breathing & blood vessel diameter
  32. 32Non-vital centresNon-cranial nerve nuclei in the medulla oblongata
    Co-ordinates swallowing, vomiting, coughing, sneezing & hiccuping
  33. 33Lateral geniculate nucleusVisual relay station in thalamus, functions in initial processing of visual information
  34. 34Clarke's nucleusSite of spinocerebellar tract synapse
    Found between C8-L3
  35. 35Arterial supply of midbrainMainly PCA
    - Basilar a.
    - Posterior communicating a.
    - Superior cerebellar a.
  36. 36Arterial supply of ponsMainly basilar a.
    - Pontine a.a.
    - Anterior inferior cerebellar a.
  37. 37Arterial supply of the medullaMainly anterior spinal a.
    - Vertebral a.
    - Posterior inferior cerebellar a.

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MD4001 (Neurology) Flashcards on Brainstem, created by Lareyna Mcmenemy on 20/10/2019.
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