Flashcards
Attachment case studies
Cards in this deck (17)
- 1Maccoby (1980)*Seeking proximity - 2 people wish to be closer together
*Distress on separation - infant will show distress signals on separation
*Joy on reunion - baby will cling to attachment figure when they come back
*General orientation - baby and caregiver will give attention to each other - 2Lorenz (1935)Procedure - we divided a number of fertile eggs randomly into 2 groups. Half were placed under the care of their mother. However the others were kept in an incubator. Findings - the goslings formed rapid attachment and would follow him around. Conclusion: rapid attachment = imprinting. Imprinting takes place between 13 to 16 hours. 'window of development'
- 3Schaffer and Emerson (1964)Procedure - they looked at the gradual development of babies in Glasgow. They collected data on attachment by considering 2 types of behaviour: Separation anxiety - if the baby showed distress when their mother left. Stranger distress - if the baby shows signs of distress when approached by someone they didn't know.
- 4Evaluations of Schaffer and Emerson*Variety of methods being used for data collection and interviews = rich in detail
*Good ecological validity - babies and mother's home therefore they were in a natural setting.
*the experiment concluded with valuable information about the processes by which attachments are made. - 5Harlow (1959)Procedure: monkeys were raised in isolations, there was 2 surrogate mothers. One was a wire mesh which had a feeding bottle. The other was a wire mesh which had a soft cloth on it. Findings - The monkeys spent more time with the cloth surrogate and only using the feeding bottle when hungry. Grew up in emotional disturbance
- 6Bowlby's theory (1951) Evolutionary theoryWe have a need to evolve for an attachment to the main caregiver which is their biological mother. Our main attachment we form is called a monotropy bond, this is based on survival the caregiver would provide: food, warmth and protection. Having this bond would allow us to have a safe base which id formed when we can explore. This relationship then allows us to have a template on all our future relationship.
- 7Evaluations of Bowlby's theory> Bowlby developed the idea of Freud's idea of mother and child relationship. he suggested that this relationship is based on the internal working model.
> Bowlby's theory had an impact on all mothers around the world.
>Lorenz goes against this theory - 8Ainsworth and Bell (1970)100 middle classed Americans infants and their mother took part. Observers would look at the behaviour of the infants during predetermined activities. Looking at: separation anxiety, stranger anxiety, reunion behaviour. Findings: Type B: 66%, Type A: 22%, Type C: 12%
- 9Evaluations of Ainsworth- Population is good because there was 100 participants therefore more reliable results
- Cross cultural validity - this is bad due to the fact it was based on only Americans, only on individualistic countries, this is bias
-Ecological validity is bad because this was conducted into a lab therefore altering the child and mothers behaviour - 10Takahashi (1990)This was the same as the strange situations but this included 60 Japanese children. There were all raised at home. Findings - Type B - 68%, Type A - 0%, Type C - 32%
- 11Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988)2 Dutch psychologists carried out a meta analysis 32 studies in different countries, 2,000 babies were studied. Findings - Type B = most common in Britain, lowest in China. Type A = most common in Germany and lowest in Japan. Type C = most common with china and lowest in Sweden
- 12Privation. The case study of Genie from Curtis (1977)Genie was a child who was never fully developed and she could say some words but she never understood what they meant. Evaluations - *this cannot be generalised *there are unique cases therefore challenging the ideas of research. *there is a rich data therefore leading to lots of detail
- 13Bowlby's 44 thieves (1944)Participants were children. 44 of them were thieves, 16 of the 44 were affectionless psychopaths. The remaining 44 children had not committed any crimes they were emotionally maladjusted. Bowlby interviewed the parents. Findings: 86% affectionless psychopaths had prolonged separations. 17% who weren't classed as psychopaths had separations. 4% the 'non thieves' had experiences early separations.
- 14Evaluations of Bowlby's 44 thieves*There is evidence, it is correlational, does not show that deprivation shows cause and effect.
*The experiment relies on parent's memories therefore not reliable - 15Hodges and Tizard (1989)65 children who were placed in an institution were observed. By the age of 4, 24 children were adopted. 15 back to their own homes. They were assessed at the ages of 8 and 16, children were interviewed, peers, teachers and parents. Findings: adopted children had better relationships with their parents unlike for restored children. However both adopted and restored children can seen more adult attention and approval from teachers and peers
- 16Shea (1981)Procedure: Infants were taped and observed in a playground, their behaviour was assessed in terms of rough and tumble play, and aggression factors. Findings - decrease in aggression, rough and tumble play increased
- 17Campbell (2000)-Low adults to child ratio to ensure than each child can receive attention
- Small sized group which is easier for young children
-Mixed aged group leads to more social development.
-Low staff turnover leads to children getting to know the staff
-Structured day which allows the children to follow up on routines. the children find the environment more predictable
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- AS - Level Psychology AS Flashcards on Attachment case studies , created by Charlotte Silvester on 02/02/2016.
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- Charlotte Silvester
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