Flashcards
Language & cognition
Cards in this deck (13)
- 1What is neurolinguistics?The study of how language is represented in the brain
- how & where we store our knowledge of language - 2Describe the laterality of the cerebral hemispheresLeft hemisphere - analytical tasks e.g. math & language
Right hemisphere - recognition of complex patterns e.g. faces & melodies - 3Non-fluent (motor) aphasiaSlow effortful speech or complete speechlessness due to left frontal cortex damage
- 4Brocca's area & aphasiaLocated in the left frontal cortex, involved with fluency of speech
Brocca's aphasia
- Halting speech
- Functional words omitted i.e. it, it, to etc
- Pronunciation is simplified
- Inflection endings are omitted e.g. 'ings
- Patients are aware of the language deficit - 5Werknicke's area & aphasiaLocated in the lateral temporal cortex, associated with the comprehension of language
Wernicke's aphasia
- Speaking in phrases, apparently sounding normal & fluent
- Grammar & tone can be normal
- BUT words lack meaning - 6Paraphasia - Definition - CauseDefinition: phonemic substitutions of words in spontaneous language & when asked to repeat phrases, understanding & articulation are intact
Cause: damage to the arcuate fasciculus - 7What is the significance of lateralisation in those who are multi-lingual?Language has more right hemisphere dominance than in monolingual people i.e. it is more distributed
- if the right hemisphere is damaged a multi-lingual individual is 5x more likely to develop aphasia
- 50% recover both languages equally
- 25% don't regain 1 or more languages - 8How was lateralisation of language proven?'Split brained' patients asked to identify an object place in their hand
- when in the right hand it was described well i.e. left hemisphere
- when in the left hand it was described poorly or not at all i.e. right hemisphere - 9Dichotic listening experimentsStimulus presented to different ear
- Right ear was advantageous for linguistic sounds
- Left ear was advantageous for environmental sounds e.g. music, tone - 10Function, location & analogue of Visual Word Form Area (VWFA)Function
- recognises words
Location
- behind the left ear on the surface of the brain
Analogue
- fusiform face areas behind the right ear on the surface of the brain
- recognises faces - 11Where is the meaning of words processed?All over the cortex - it is not lateralised
- some areas response to words related to people, for example, and others to places or numbers
- organisation is in conceptual regions - 12Describe lexical retrievalAn object triggers a concept
This triggers a semantic lexicon which has a number of related words & meaningful info related to the concept
This triggers a phonological output lexicon including relevant metric & physical aspects e.g. sounds, constants & vowels
Phonological output buffers then monitors & orders output of sounds & words to be used - 13Right hemisphere language functionsInvolved in the emotional aspects
- analyses the prosaic & musical aspect of speech
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- MD4001 (Neurology) Flashcards on Language & cognition, created by Lareyna Mcmenemy on 23/10/2019.
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- Lareyna Mcmenemy
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