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Flashcards

Ectoparasites: Mites

Florence Edwards Animal Disease 1 English 174 cards

Cards in this deck (174)

  1. 1What are the 3 orders of mites?Astigmata
    Prostigmata
    Mesostigmata
  2. 2What 3 families of mites are in the order astigmata?Sarcoptes
    Psoroptidae
    Knemidokoptidae
  3. 3Which mite causes scabies?Sarcoptes scabiei
  4. 4What is the length of the mite that causes scabies?0.2-0.45 mm
  5. 5In which layer of the skin do mites live?Epidermis
  6. 6How long is the egg to adult period for sarcoptes scabiei?17-21 days
  7. 7How long can sarcoptes scabiei survive off of the host?2-3 weeks
  8. 8What is the main clinical sign of sarcoptes scabiei?Intense pruritis
  9. 9Give 3 other clinical signs of sarcoptes scabieiInflammation
    Hair loss
    Crusts of dried exudate
  10. 10What does the intense pruritis caused by sarcoptes scabiei lead to?Self-inflicted wounding
  11. 11What problem is associated with the faeces of sarcoptes scabiei mites?Can initiate hypersensitivity reaction
  12. 12How long does it take for sarcoptes scabiei to be fatal?Death in 2-4 months with no treatment
  13. 13Is sarcoptes scabiei zoonotic?Yes
  14. 14How can sarcoptes scabiei be transmitted between dogs?Shedding of crusts
    Dirty clippers
  15. 15How can sarcoptes scabiei be transmitted to humans?Dirty bedding or close contact
  16. 16Give 2 species that are commonly affected by sarcoptes scabieiDogs
    Pigs
  17. 17What are the 3 main sites of sarcoptes scabiei infestation in dogs?Pinnae
    Elbows
    Ventrum
  18. 18What are the 2 main sites of sarcoptes scabiei infestation in pigs?External ear canals
    Dorsum
  19. 19Why is sarcoptes scabiei difficult to diagnose?Infestation can be asymptomatic for long periods
    Mites are difficult to find
  20. 20Is sarcoptes scabiei easy to treat?Yes
  21. 21Which sarcoptiform mite affects guinea pigs?Trixacarus caviae
  22. 22Which sarcoptiform mite affects cats?Notoedres cati
  23. 23Is the sarcoptiform mite of cats found in the UK?Very rare
    Usually found in Southern and Central Europe
  24. 24If Notoedres cati is not found in the UK how do cats in the UK get scabies?Can contract Sarcoptes scabiei from dogs
  25. 25How long does it take for Notoedres cati to be fatal?4-6 months
  26. 26What is the transmission rate of Notoedres cati?Highly contagious
  27. 27What is the anus position of S. scabiei?Terminal
  28. 28What is the anus position of N. cati?Dorsal
  29. 29What is the anus position of T. caviae?Dorsal
  30. 30What is the structure of dorsal spines in S. scabiei?Some stout dorsal spines
  31. 31What is the structure of dorsal spines in N. cati?All dorsal setae are simple (not spine-like)
  32. 32What is the structure of dorsal spines in T. caviae?All dorsal setae are simple (not spine-like)
  33. 33What is the structure of dorsal scales in S. scabiei?Many and pointed
  34. 34What is the structure of dorsal scales in N. cati?Few and rounded
  35. 35What is the structure of dorsal scales in T. caviae?Many and pointed
  36. 36Which 3 genuses of mite are found in the family sarcoptidae?Sarcoptes
    Trixacarus
    Notoedres
  37. 37Which mite causes depluming itch?Knemidocoptes mutans
  38. 38Which species are affected by the depluming itch mite?Birds
  39. 39Which parasite causes scaly leg in chickens?Scaly leg
  40. 40Where does the scaly leg parasite live in chickens?Surface of skin
  41. 41Where does Knemidocoptes gallinae live in budgerigars?Surface of skin around beak
  42. 42Why are several treatments often required for Knemidocoptes gallinae?Poor penetration of drugs
  43. 43What is the approximate length of the life cycle in Knemidocoptes gallinae?Approximately 3 weeks
  44. 44How long can Knemidocoptes gallinae survive off the host?Several weeks
  45. 45Which 3 genuses of mite are found in the order Psoroptidae?Psoroptes
    Chorioptes
    Otodectes
  46. 46What are the 2 most common species of psoroptes mite?Psoroptes ovis
    Psoroptes cuniculi
  47. 47What does cuniculi mean?Rabbits
  48. 48What is the leg structure of psoroptes ovis?Long legs with suckers on the end
  49. 49How can male psoroptes ovis mites be distinguished from females?Spurs on rear for copulation
  50. 50What is the common name for the disease caused by psoroptes ovis mites?Sheep scab
  51. 51In which country is sheep scab notifiable?Scotland
  52. 52What is the length of the pre-adult period in psoroptes ovis?10-15 days
  53. 53What is the adult lifespan of psoroptes ovis?20 days
  54. 54How long can psoroptes ovis survive off the host?16-18 days
  55. 55List the stages in the life cycle of psoroptes ovisEgg
    Larva
    Protonymph
    Tritonymph
    Adult
  56. 56Which drugs are used in dips for control of sheep scab?Organophosphate
  57. 57Why do farmers dislike using these drugs in dips for sheep scab?Organophosphates require licence and health & safety regulation
  58. 58Give an example of an organophosphate for treatment of sheep scabDiazinon
  59. 59Which injection can be used for treatment of sheep scab?Macrocylic lactones
  60. 60When should all sheep on a farm be treated for sheep scab?Autumn/ Winter
  61. 61When should lambs be treated for sheep scab?Treat away-wintered lambs before departure
  62. 62Can cattle get psoroptic mange?Yes but different species than psoroptes ovis
  63. 63What are the 2 groups of psoroptes?Body psoroptes
    Ear psoroptes
  64. 64What group of psoroptes is psoroptes ovis?Body psoroptes
  65. 65What group of psoroptes is psoroptes cuniculi?Ear psoroptes
  66. 66Which drug used to treat psoroptic mange in sheep is less effective in cattle?Injection of macrocyclic lactones
  67. 67What are the 2 species of Chorioptes seen in practice?Chorioptes bovis
    Chorioptes texanus
  68. 68How can psoroptes mites be distinguished from chorioptes based on the suckers?Psoroptes = funnel-shaped sucker
    Chorioptes = cup-shaped sucker
  69. 69How can psoroptes mites be distinguished from chorioptes based on the pedicel?Psoroptes = 3 jointed pedicel
    Chorioptes = shorter unjointed pedicel
  70. 70How can psoroptes mites be distinguished from chorioptes based on the mouthparts?Psoroptes = pointed mouthparts
    Chorioptes = rounded mouthparts
  71. 71How can psoroptes mites be distinguished from chorioptes based on the abdominal tubercles of males?Psoroptes = rounded abdominal tubercles in male
    Chorioptes = truncate abdominal tubercles in male
  72. 72What is the length of the life cycle of chorioptes bovis?3 weeks
  73. 73How many eggs does chorioptes bovis produce in a lifetime?20
  74. 74What are the 2 most common hosts of chorioptes bovis?Cattle
    Horses
  75. 75What is the length of an adult female chorioptes bovis mite?0.3 mm
  76. 76Is chorioptes bovis larger or smaller than psoroptes ovis?Chorioptes bovis is smaller
  77. 77Is chorioptes bovis more or less pathogenic than psoroptes ovis?Chorioptes bovis is usually less severely pathogenic
  78. 78How long can chorioptes bovis survive off the host?Approximately 3 weeks
  79. 79Give 4 common sites of chorioptes bovis in cattleLower legs
    Base of tail
    Perineum
    Udder
  80. 80Which site of chorioptes bovis infestation is common in sheep?Udder
  81. 81What is the most common species of ear mite?Otodectes cynotis
  82. 82What are the hosts of ear mites?Cats, dogs and other carnivores
  83. 83How many eggs do adult female Otodectes cynotis mites produce?15-20
  84. 84How long do Otodectes cynotis mites live?2-3 weeks
  85. 85What is the location of Otodectes cynotis mites?Deep in ear canal
  86. 86How can Otodectes cynotis be differentiated from chorioptes mites?Found only in cats and dogs NOT livestock
  87. 87How can Otodectes cynotis be differentiated from psoroptes?Does not have a jointed pretarsus
  88. 88Is Otodectes cynotis smaller or larger than psoroptes?Smaller
  89. 89Is Otodectes cynotis common?More common in neglect and welfare cases
  90. 90Which 3 families of parasite are found in the order Prostigmata?Demodicidae
    Cheyletielidae
    Trombiculidae
  91. 91Which mites cause demodicosis?Demodex species
  92. 92Give an example of a mite in the family trombiculidaeNeotrombicula autumnalis
  93. 93What is the length of demodex mites?0.1-0.4 mm
  94. 94What is the location of demodex mites?Sebaceous glands and hair follicles
  95. 95What do demodex mites feed on?Sebaceous gland material
  96. 96Can demodex mites adapt to different hosts?No
    Highly host specific
  97. 97What is the length of the life cycle in demodex mites?18-24 days
  98. 98Why are demodex mites difficult to find?Located deep in the dermis
  99. 99Give 2 ways to diagnose demodicosisDeep skin scraping and hair plucks
    Skin biopsy
  100. 100Why are demodex mites very difficult to study?Cannot live off of the host
  101. 101What are the 2 main species of demodex mite?Demodex canis
    Demodex injai
  102. 102How can the 2 demodex species be distinguished?Demodex injai has no anus
  103. 103What is demodex cornei?Shrivelled form of demodex canis
  104. 104What is unusual about the clinical signs of demodicosis?Usually absence of itching
  105. 105What type of transmission occurs in demodicosis?Vertical transmission
    Passed from dam to young with suckling
  106. 106In which species is demodicosis most common?Dogs
  107. 107Give 2 other species in which demodicosis can occurCat
    Hamster
  108. 108Why was demodicosis initially associated with low immunity?Only some puppies showed clinical signs if demodicosis was passed from the dam
  109. 109Can demodex be naturally passed to other species?No
  110. 110What 2 types of histological lesion do demodex mites cause?Folliculitis
    Furunculosis
  111. 111Which breed has a genetic predisposition to demodicosis?Terriers
  112. 112Why may itching sometimes occur in demodicosis?Secondary infection of skin
  113. 113What is meant by demodicosis?Clinical mange due to demodex
  114. 114Does an immune response occur to demodex?Immune response to parasite and secondary pyoderma
    However, fails to control infestation
  115. 115Which cells infiltrate the follicular epithelium in demodicosis infestation?Cytotoxic T cells
  116. 116What is a disadvantage of the immune response to demodicosis?May cause damage to follicular epithelium
  117. 117Why may the secondary pyoderma increase the immune response to demodicosis infection?Sueprantigens such as staphylococcal antigens
  118. 118Which T cell response is decreased in demodicosis?Th1 cell activity reduced
  119. 119Concentration of which cytokine decreases in demodicosis?IL-2
  120. 120Why does demodex cause alopecia?Mites live in hair follicles
  121. 121Which site should be chosen for demodex skin scrapings?Site of focal erythrema or hyperpigmentation with alopecia
  122. 122How are skin scrapings for demodex carried out?Clip and squeeze skin to extrude parasites from hair follicle infundibulum
    Scrape until there is some capillary ooze
  123. 123How deep should deep skin scrapings for demodex go?Depth of dermal blood vessels
  124. 124In which regions of demodex infestation is skin biopsy particularly useful?Feet
  125. 125What shape are demodex eggs?Diamond shaped
  126. 126Why can pruritis initially increase following treatment for demodicosis?Demodex mites die off
  127. 127What is mange?Generalised skin disease
    May be caused by various agents
  128. 128How can Cheyletiella be identified?Distinctive hooks on mouthparts
  129. 129Why is Cheyletiella often called 'walking dandruff'?White and just visible with naked eye
  130. 130Which Cheyletiella species is most commonly found on dogs?Cheyletiella yasguri
  131. 131Which Cheyletiella species is most commonly found on cats?Cheyletiella blakei
  132. 132Which Cheyletiella species is most commonly found on rabbits?Cheyletiella parasitovorax
  133. 133How long can Cheyletiella species survive off the host?10 days
  134. 134What is the length of Cheyletiella species?0.4 mm
  135. 135Is Cheyletiella zoonotic?Yes
  136. 136What is the pathogenesis of Cheyletiella?Causes mild but highly contagious dermatitis
  137. 137Which mites are also known as 'berry bugs'?Neotrombicula autumnalis
  138. 138How many legs do the larvae of berry bugs have?6
  139. 139What is the pathogenesis of Neotrombicula autumnalis?Seasonal cause of pruritic skin disease
  140. 140How can Neotrombicula autumnalis larvae be identified?Cluster together to form orange-yellow granules
  141. 141In which season is Neotrombicula autumnalis infestation most commonMid-late Summer and Autumn
  142. 142In which areas is Neotrombicula autumnalis most common?Chalk upland
    Areas where soft fruit is grown
  143. 143Describe the life cycle of Neotrombicula autumnalisLarvae feed on tissue fluid of host transiently (three days)
    Then drop off and complete rest of life cycle in environment
  144. 144What are the clinical signs of Neotrombicula autumnalis?Some animals may have no clinical signs
    Some develop an allergic hypersensitivity reaction causing severe pruritis
  145. 145Is Neotrombicula autumnalis zoonotic?Yes
  146. 146Which 2 families of mites are in the order Mesostigmata?Macronyssidae
    Dermanyssidae
  147. 147Which mite in the family macronyssidae affects poultry?Ornithonyssus sylviarum
  148. 148Which mite in the family dermanyssidae affects poultry?Dermanyssus gallinae
  149. 149What is the common name of Ornithonyssus sylviarum?Northern Fowl mite
  150. 150What is the common name of Dermanyssus gallinae?Red mite
  151. 151What is the most common ectoparasite of poultry?Dermanyssus gallinae (red mite)
  152. 152What type of parasite is the Northern Fowl mite?Obligate parasite
  153. 153What is the incidence of the Northern Fowl mite?Rare
  154. 154What is the difference between Ornithonyssus sylviarum and Dermanyssus gallinae in terms of life cycle?O. sylviarum = entire life cycle on the host
    D. gallinae = most of life cycle off the host
  155. 155Where does Ornithonyssus sylviarum lay its eggs?Base of feathers
  156. 156When does Dermanyssus gallinae feed?Feeds on host at night
  157. 157What is the length of the life cycle in Ornithonyssus sylviarum?5-12 days
  158. 158What is the length of the life cycle in Dermanyssus gallinae?7 days
  159. 159How long does Ornithonyssus sylviarum survive off the host?1-3 weeks
  160. 160How long does Dermanyssus gallinae survive off the host?34 weeks
  161. 161Which stages of the life cycle in Ornithonyssus sylviarum feed on blood?Only protonymph and adult blood-feed
  162. 162Which stages of the life cycle in Dermanyssus gallinae blood-feed?All nyphal and adult stages blood-feed
  163. 163How can Ornithonyssus sylviarum and Dermanyssus gallinae be distinguished?O. sylviarum = pointed armoured plate
    D. gallinae = rounded armoured plate
  164. 164Give 2 clinical signs of mite infestation in poultryIrritation
    Anaemia (in severe cases)
  165. 165Can mite infestations in poultry be fatal?Yes
    Death is particularly common in backyard flocks
  166. 166Why are mite infestations in poultry an economic concern?Egg production may decrease
  167. 167Give 3 pathogens transmitted by mesostigmatid mitesSalmonella
    Mycoplasma
    Avipox virus
  168. 168What does mycoplasma cause in poultry?Respiratory disease
  169. 169Give 3 drugs that can be used to treat poultry for mite infestationsPyrethroids
    Avermectins
    IGRs
  170. 170What are IGRs?Insect Growth Regulators
  171. 171Why are mite infestations difficult to treat?Survive for a long time in the environment, especially Dermanyssus gallinae
  172. 172How often should environmental deep cleaning be carried out to remove mite infestations?Weekly for 3 weeks
  173. 173Why should diatomaceous earth be used in poultry houses?Can dry out parasites
  174. 174Why is biological control important in poultry housing?WIld birds are a reservoir of the parasite

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Animal Disease 1 (Parasitology) Flashcards on Ectoparasites: Mites, created by Florence Edwards on 03/04/2017.
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