Respiratory system

Respiratory system

1. Anatomy

   • Nose
     • Nasal cavity
       • Mucosa ining nasal cavity is Respiratory mucosa
       • surrounded by paranasal sinuses
       • seperated from oral cavity by palate
         • Hard
         • Soft
     • Nostrils
     • Olfactory receptors
     • Conchae
   • Phrynx
     • Nasopharynx
     • Oropharynx
     • Laryngopharynx
     • Pharyngotympanic tubes
     • Lymphatic tissue
       • Tonsils
         • adenoid
         • Palatine
         • Lingual
   • Larynx
     • 8 hyaline cartilage
       • paired
         • Arytemoid
         • Cortiniculated
         • Cumeiforms
       • Single
         • Thyroid
         • Cricoid
     • 1 eastic cartilage
       • Single
         • Epiglottis
     • Vocal folds
       • True
       • False
   • Trachea
     • C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
     • Trachealis muscle
     • Ciliated mucosa
   • Main bronchi
     • right
       • Shorter
       • Wider
       • Straighter
     • Left
   • Lungs
     • Right
       • 3 lobes
     • Left
       • 2 lobes
     • Pleural membrane
     • Lobar branchi
     • segmental bronchi
     • Bronchioles
     • respiratory branchioles
     • Alveoi
       • Respiratory membrane
         • Simple diffusion / Gas exchange
           • Internal respiration
           • External respiration
       • Alveolar macrophages
       • Pneumocytes
         • type 1
         • type 2

2. Muscles of respiration

   • Diaphragm
   • 3 intercostals
   • Accessory muscles

3. Cigarette smoking

   • Lung cancer
   • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
     • Emphysema
       • permanent enlrgement and destruction of alveoli
       • lungs lose their elasticity
         • Expiration becomes active process
     • Chronic bronchitis
       • Excessive mucus production and its pooling in LRT

4. Respiratory capacities

   • Vital capacity
     • tidal volume+inspiratory residual volume+ expiratory residual volume
   • total lung capacity
     • vital capacity+residual volume

5. Respiration

   • Pulmonary ventilation
   • respiratory gas transport
   • internal respiration
   • external respiration