Flashcards
Carbohydrates
Cards in this deck (16)
- 1What are monosaccharides?The monomers that make up carbohydrates
- 2What are the two forms of glucose?Alpha (α) and beta (β)
- 3What is the structure of glucose?A hexose monosaccharide (6 carbon atoms - e.g. glucose, fructose, galactose).
The structure is in a ring for strength. - 4What are the uses of glucose?A source of energy
Used as "building blocks" for polysaccharides and disaccharides - 5What is the structure of ribose?A pentose sugar (5 carbon atoms - e.g. ribose, deoxyribose...)
- 6What is the difference between disaccharide and polysaccharide?A disaccharide is formed when two monosaccharides join together.
A polysaccharide is formed when more than two monosaccharides join together. - 7Which monomers join together to form maltose?α-glucose + α-glucose
- 8Which monomers join together to form sucrose?α-glucose + fructose
- 9Which monomers join together to form lactose?galactose + glucose
- 10What are the properties of polysaccharides?Insoluble
Not sweet to taste - 11What are the two types of polysaccharides?Storage - tends to be folded to give a compact molecule (e.g. starch)
Structural - tends to be coiled or straight-chained - 12There are two types of starch. What are they?Amylose (unbranched polymer)
Amylopectin (branched polymer) - 13What is the structure of amylose?α-glucose molecules
80% of starch
Coils into a helix held in place by hydrogen bonds that form between hydroxyl (-OH) groups
1-4 glycosidic bonds
Main storage molecule in plants
- 14What is the structure of amylopectin?1-6 glycosidic bond between branches
1-4 glycosidic bonds between molecules in a chain
Main storage molecule in plants
- 15What is the structure of glycogen?More branches than amylopectin for quicker build-up and breakdown of glycogen using enzymes
Compact = easy for storage
Shaped like a spiral/helix
1-6 glycosidic bonds
Main storage carbohydrate in mammals
- 16What is the structure of cellulose?Straight chains
Form hydrogen bonds between chains of cellulose = strengthens them into larger sub-units called microfibrils
Every other β-glucose is flipped
1-4 glycosidic bonds
Confers structural strength in plant cell walls
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- User has deleted their subject information Flashcards on Carbohydrates, created by Deleted user on 05/03/2018.
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- Deleted user · Mar 2018
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- Mar 5, 2018
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- Created by Yinka F · Jan 23, 2018
- Copied by Yinka F · Mar 5, 2018
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