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MEDICAL ETHICS

Medical Ethics

Animals in Research

Abortion

Cloning

EUTHANASIA

Suicide

'good death' or assisted suicide

TYPES

Voluntary

Involuntary

Non - Voluntary

Doctor ends life on request.

Killed without consultation no other reason then they are disabled, sick or elderly

Consults relatives, discuss if death is in the sick persons best interest

Deliberately taking your own life

Not 'Suicide' if you have a mental health problem, don't think straight

If a person commits suicide their burial rights are different. They cannot be buried near family and have to be 6 feet away from another jewish grave.

Explain Jewish attitudes towards suicide.

It is wrong - you don't have the right to destroy life

73CE 1000 Jews commited suicide in Masada to prevent themselves from becoming slaves

I am giving you the choice between life and death, between Gods blessing and G-D's cross - Deuteronomy

However is someone is Anuss - not held responsible for there action they are buried normally.

All Jews believe suicide is wrong. Only G-d decides who dies and when ' individuals do not have the right to destroy life' also Deuteronomy from the Torah

In the Talmud it states that suicide is wrong. Someone who commits, their burial rights are different.

Can involve - Cosmetic testing, drug effects and smoking and practicing medical procedures

Ethical Issue? - Yes because humans are possibly saying that they are above animals, that animals have little rights. Also how they are treated, necessary?

Judaism does allow animal research because they don't believe animals to be equal to humans.

Rights

But when animals are needed their suffering must be kept to a minimum. No pointless tests.

But when used for testing makeup or to please humans it is wrong. Many jews believe that students testing on animals is wrong because most testing can be done on computers.

G-ds teachings require you to refrain from inflicting unnecessary harm to animals and to help lessen pain when they are suffering.

Hole - They must think they have some rights otherwise they would allow numerous test?

Judaism teaches that animals are a important part of creation people do have a responsibility to care for animals. However human life is more valuable.

Some people believe that animals should have rights because they show emotions and express feelings.

Animals should also rest on the Sabbath.

Life is a gift from God

Reformed

Orthodox

A Jewish women may consult her Rabbi before she is going to have an abortion, too check if she is allowed to go ahead with it. She would consult him because abortion relies on Rabbi teachings and interpretation of beliefs.

IVF

It is sacred

Embryo has life - Abortion is Murder

If mothers life in danger - Jews will then allow abortion.

Both Orthodox and Reformed Jews agreed that if mothers life is in danger abortion should take place.

Allow Abortion; Mother under 16, The pregnancy is by rape or incest or if the baby will be born with severe mental or physical handicap.

Some Rabbis still don't allow abortion if rape or when the foetus is abnormal, even if the law of the land allows it.

Part D Question

Any Jew may be against fertility treatment, just like any other person, because of there opinion, however they may also be against it due to poor experience. Jewish teaching teach that the seed should to be wasted so obtaining the seed outside the body may be to some Jews as wasting the seed for its intended purpose and that fetilization is taking place outside of the body. Also Jews express the fact that no 3rd party donor should be used because then the child is not seen as the son/daughter of the women. Then there is no problem with parentage. Then there is the problem with IVF of is it taking the decision away from G-D. Some Jews do reject the idea of IVF because of the validity of fertilisation and the problem with the seed. Also there is a problem with surrogacy, who is the childs mother, if they do or don't have a Jewish mother who is required to bring them up.

Not yet been developed for humans but may, in the future be a mitzvah for infertile couples

RELIGION AND RELATIONSHIPS

Divorce

Kosher Sex

Not seen as a good thing

If a couple is experiencing difficulties try to resolve them first

Only in case of adultery, divorce must take place

Divorce paper is the 'GET'

Agunot - Chained Women (husband refuses, disappears or incapable of doing so due to illness.

Mamzerim - Offspring of forbidden man. Children born of a re-marry if the divorce is only civil and not a get.

Sometimes not possible so requires man to divorce his wife

Man gives to Women

Apply to Bet Din for a date

Husband authorises scribe to write Get

Witness signs it to

Rabbi present - husband passes Get to wife in two hands - This be your get.

Wife then holds up get to show possession then gives back to rabbi

4 corners torn off to show it has been used. (Kept by Bet Din) Then given release form.

Talmud - When one divorces his first wife even the alter sheds a tear

Must wait 92 days

Bet Din is Jewish Court

Outside marriage is bad

Sex is not only to have kids but to bond

She has the right, it is his duty

Ultimate Bonding

God Worthy

Mikveh

Contraception

Is a ritual cleansing pool. Mainly 4 women after a period, it is important to cleans the body of impurities

Niddah - Womens period of ritual purity

Reformed and Liberal Jews allow contraception in many curcumstances

Not devices that harm or stop sperm from reaching the right area

But Orthodox only 3 cases

If pregnancy may harm women

To limit family number

To space children out

So the pill is allowed

In the Talmud it permits women to drink potions

GOOD AND EVIL

There is the Devil or Satan which is seen as evil.

Also Natural and Moral Evil

Why is there Evil?

Explain Christian teachings about God and the Devil.

'Job'

Different Views

Coping with Suffering

Morals

Storys of him in the Apocrypha

Moral Evil - Deeds or behaviour of people which are seen to cruel and uncaring.

Natural Evil - Natural Events such as volcanos,earthquakes etc not caused by humans.

God does not Exist

God is not all-powerful

God is intact responsible for everything so is responsible for evil and suffering as well as good.

Community - Omnipotent, omniscient etc. He is full of good. Superior to the devil.

Personal - Devil tries to tempt people away from God. But God tries to keep you with him.

Spirit - Follow God resist the temptation from God. Example Jesus in the Desert

Moral - Modern Temptation

He was a rich man - 7 sons 3 daughters. 7000 sheep, 3000 camels etc.

He Loved God

God made a deal with the devil.

The Devil ruined Jobs life.

He remained loving God though

God doubled everything Job had as a thankyou

Humanist

St Augustine - Evil is an absence of good.

Irenaeus

Suggest that live without God - you can choose to make your life good or bad.

Evil is a consequence of the fall - Adam and Eve

Only suffer if we stray from Gods path

Traces Evil back to free will - but differs fro Augustine - God made humans imperfectly

Prayer, Jesus and Church

END OF LIFE

LIFE AFTER DEATH?

Body and Soul

Funeral Rites

HELL

Purgatory

Heaven

God as a Judge

There are nine circles in HELL. PLus the Woods and the Vestibul.

Circle 1 - Limbo

Circle 2 - The Lustful

Circle 3 - The Gluttonous

Circle 4 - Hoards and Wasters

Circle 5 - The Wrathful

Circle 6 - City of Dis

Circle 7 - The Violent

Circle 8 - The Fraudulent

Circle 9 - The Treacherous

The Roman catholic church teaches that very few people are ready for heaven. Even if they have lived free from sin. They go to purgatory rather than heaven. They will eventually go to heaven after being freed from their sin.

You don't have to encounter Christianity to go to heaven.

Throne

Bright + Light

Gems and precious stones

A man on the Throne.

People may see the 'beatific Vision'

Fair, Honest, Unpredest

Goats and the Sheep

When you die you are judged by God, if you had a good life or a bad. Then you are sent to heaven, hell or purgatory.

Goats - People who aren't helpful

Sheep - People who are good, caring and kind.

Animals do not have souls - St Assisi

Soul is eternal, it makes us, us. The human essence. Made of 3 parts - Plato

Body and soul are often opposed. Soul follows God. Body looks for pleasure on earth.

When someone die a new 'spiritual body' went to heaven. Paul

It isn't eternal. The Knife, essence of a knife is to cut. When destroyed it losses its essence. When a person dies they cannot act rationally - their essence is gone. - Aristotal

I am the resurrection and life - John 11.25

Burial

Eulogy

Holy Communion

Prayers

Hymns

Bible reading

In the ground or cremated.

Further prayers are said.

Minister will say a final committal statement, this is done at cremation as well.

Tell the life of the person, so that they may be remembered for their good things in life.

The significance of this is that the dead person is remembered for the good and happy things.

Known as mass

Almost always,performed in Catholic funerals and is not uncommon in other denominations

Are said for the family of the dead, asking God for support

The significance is that everyone is cared for not just the person who is dead.

Possible favourites of the dead.

Focus on eternal life. Shows that their life has not ended.

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