Flashcards
Fat Mobilisation and utilisation
Cards in this deck (17)
- 1Describe beta oxidation, and what products we get from it. What enzyme is measured in studies looking at the mitochondria?A long chain Fatty acyl-CoA is broken down 2 carbons at a time to form acetyl-CoA, NAHD and FADH2. We would measure 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase.
- 2How are fatty acids transported into the mitochondria?Fatty acids combine with CoA in the presence of acyl-CoA synthase to form acyl CoA(outer mitochondrial membrain). The acyl bit of the molecule is then taken by CTPI and combined with carnitine forming acyl-carnitine which moves to CTPII. That the acyl bit of the molecule is then taken by CTPII and removed from the carnitine and put back onto a CoA forming acyl-CoA again (Matrix).
- 3What molecule does leptin activate within the cell to facilitate HSL action?JAK/STAT
- 4How does Ca2+ regulate the action of HSL?Ca2+ activates PKC, CaMKII and AMPK all of which facilitate the production of PKA which facilitates the phosphorylation of HSL meaning it is active.
- 5Describe how insulin inhibits the phosphorylation of HSL into its active form.Insulin activates an enzyme called phosphodiesterase which causes the conversion of cAMP into 5-AMP which, preventing the cAMP activating PK to PKA which activates HSL.
- 6Describe how adrenaline regulates HSL.Adrenaline cant get into the cell, so must work through a second messenger. It activates Adenylate cyclase which creates cAMP, which causes inactive PK to become active PKA which then causes phosphorylation of HSL (the active form of HSL)
- 7What is the difference between acyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA?Acyl-CoA has many carbons (4-24) while acetyl-CoA only has 2 carbons
- 8What do we combine with CoA to make Acyl CoA?Fatty Acid
- 9Fatty acids have a hydrophobic ____ and a hydrophilic ____.Hydrocarbon tail. Carboxylic acid head
- 10What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?Saturated fats have no double bounds with all carbons having the maximum number of hydrogens attached while unsaturated has a double bond.
- 11Describe the structure of TriacylglycerolIt has a glycerol backbone and 3 fatty acids attached.
- 12Are fats water soluble? How are they transported in the blood?No, either within albumin as fatty acids or as lipoproteins.
- 13Give the 4 types of lipoproteins.VLDL, LDL, HDL and chylomicrons
- 14Describe the process of getting fat from the gut to the correct place in our body.Triacylglycerides are taken from the gut to the liver by chylomicrons via the thoracic duct. The liver repackages the TG into HDLs, LDLs or if we have got high amounts of free fatty acids VLDLs. These are then transported round the body.
- 15LPL activity is activated by ____. This means that ....Insulin, resulting in increased fat uptake from blood into adipose tissue.
- 16What has to happen before we can release TG? What enzyme does this? Give the most common form of this enzyme.They need to be broken down into Glycerol and free fatty acids. This is catalysised by lipase enzymes. the most common form of this enzyme is HSL
- 17Give 5 molecules that stimulate lypolysis.Exercise (Ca2+), epinephrine, AMP, Adrenergic spill over, Cortisol, Growth hormone, Leptin.
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- Exercise Metabolism Flashcards on Fat Mobilisation and utilisation, created by alexlpeart on 29/04/2013.
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