Memory notes
208 notes by 123 users · Page 4 of 6
This Memory notes page gathers user-made Psychology notes on memory models, forgetting and eyewitness testimony. School students, university students and professional candidates can practise these topics, while teachers can find ready-made material. There are over 190 notes from more than 110 users, with resources for school and university study. Pick a note to get started.
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- Memory Processes112
- Coding, Capacity and Duration of Memory113
- Types of Memory233
- Long-Term Memory230
- Models of Memory415
- Multi-Store Model of Memory443
- Working Memory Model308
- Levels of Processing30
- Reconstructive Memory31
- Forgetting175
- Amnesia24
- Eyewitness Testimony370
- Cognitive Interview98
- Memory Improvement Strategies39
- Learning and Memory69
Notes
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Evaluation of Tulving's LTM model Strengths Clive Wearing: suffers from amnesia in which he's unable to form new memories. Duration lasts between 7 and 30 seconds. He remembers his wife Deborah. He can remember how to play the piano = procedural. He c...
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Recall “The concept of identity as a life-long process of construction and reconstruction, a continuous rewriting the text of one’s identity, has become the underlying idea of many research projects” (Brockmeier, 2000, p. 55...
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Theories of Forgetting Theories of Forgetting Study + Evaluation of the Theory SCHMIDT (2000): retroactive interference + memory of street names 1700 former students of Dutch school - 11 to 79 yro 700 names randomly selected 211 responded t...
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Memory theories and LTM - created from Mind Map Localization and Distribution of LTM Cerebellum – motor functions and motor memory (procedural) Cortex - thinking, problem solving, remembering Hippocampus - processes new information and routes it to parts of the cor...
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Short Term Memory - created from Mind Map Capacity 7+/- 2 items of information Miller 1956 -found out that most people could only repeat back between five and nine items Chunking can increase the capacity of short term memory. For example: GCSE Duration Peter...
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WMM - Baddeley and Hitch - created from Mind Map AO1 AO3 Central Executive
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Module 31 - created from Mind Map Memory- persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage and retrieval of information Parallel Processing- processes things simultaneuously (some of them unconsciously) Richard Atkinson and Richard Shif...
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Bartlett study summary BARTLETT STUDY: AIM: To see how and why information changes with each reproduction PROCEDURE: *'War of the ghosts' story *the story was a different culture from the participants, this means that the participants would...
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The Multi-Store Model Multi-store model-the model of memory which proposes that information is passed to a STM store where it is healed for a brief duration unless rehearsed. Rehearsal leads to transfer to the LTM store. Atkinson and Shiff...
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Does the MSM offer a reasonable account of human memory? essay question
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COS522 - created from Mind Map Learning Associative Learning: Spatiotemporal contiguity, frequency, similarity/contrast. Implicit Learning: Awareness levels, artificial grammar learning, priming. Learning influences memory formation, storage, and r...
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Multi-store model - capacity, duration, coding CODING - the format in which information is stored in memory Sensory Register Each of the 5 senses codes its information according for exam; Iconic memory - codes visual information visually Echoic memory - codes soun...
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Memory - created from Mind Map models of memory properties memory improvement strategies
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Autobiographical identity/self “Identity, the concept for the sense of who we are, is not only a construction but a reflexive construction. It embraces two or more constellations in time, which are to be connected” (Brockmeier, 2000, p. 53). The au...
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Autobiographical memory “Autobiographical remembering is a paradigmatic case of relating temporally distinct events and places. It is a back-and-forth movement between the past and the present that furthermore relates to the future, even if ...
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learning - created from Mind Map levels of processing theory mnemonics encoding specificity principle
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Research Study for both STM and LTM Research Study for Both STM and LTM AO1 or AO3Research studies can either be knowledge or evaluation:If you refer to the procedures and findings of a study, this shows knowledge and understanding.If you comment on wha...
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Research Study for Working Memory Research Study for Working Memory Dual Task ExperimentBaddeley and Hitch conducted an experiment in which participants were asked to perform two tasks simultaneously - the dual task technique. These two tasks were, 1 ...
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Memory Improvement - created from Mind Map Verbal mnemonics Acronym Acrostic Rhymes Chunking Where a word or sentence is formed from the initial letters of other words E.g. LOL is 'Laugh out loud' Poem or sentence where the first letter in each line forms a wo...
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Memory - created from Mind Map Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968) Multi-store Memory Model Short Term Memory Long Term Memory:
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Memory - Lumen Learning Notes Process and Types of Memory The three main stages of memory are encoding, storage, and retrieval. Problems can occur at any of these stages. The three main forms of memory storage are sensory memory, short-term memory...
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Memory - Use of Leading Questions The use Of leading QuestionsPreviously unknown information (which is implied in the leading question) has potential to change witnesses's recall of event. The information is implanted in their recollection.E...
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Bahrick et al Bahrick et al 1975Aim: To look at the duration of LTMMethod: 392 people asked he names of their ex classmates. (Free recall). They were then shown photos and asked to recall names of the people shown OR asked to match...
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Short and Long Term Memory Short-term memory (STM) cannot hold as much information and has limited capacity. Long term memory (LTM) can hold an unlimited amount of info and has a vast capacity. Capacity-a measure of how much info can ...
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Improving the Accuracy of EWT The Cognitive Interview- a procedure the police use to help eyewitnesses recall information more accurately. This type of interfere has barn found to achieve up to 35% improvements in the accuracy of recall. During th...
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Types of Long-Term Memory There are 3 types of LTM, these are episodic, semantic and procedural. Episodic memory os about life events. For example, times, places, associated emotions and other context to who, what, where, why and wh...
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Peterson and Peterson 1959 PETERSON AND PETERSON 1959Aim: To show the duration of the STMMethod: Shown nonsense trigrams eg CVT. Asked to recall after 3,6,9,12,15,18 seconds (interference taskResults: After 3 seconds recall was about ...
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Untitled Multi Store Model Proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin Suggested that memory consisted of THREE DISTINCT COMPONENTS: sensory store, STM and LTM Suggested that information travels in a ‘FIXED SEQUENCE’ Information first e...
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Weapon Focus Weapon focus refers to the concentration of a crime witnesses attention on a weapon and the resultant difficultly in remembering other details of the scene.Perception experiments have shown that people fixate their ga...
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Memory - Psychology Psychology - Memory Specification:-The multi-store model of memory: sensory register, short-term memory and long-term memory. -Features of each store: coding, capacity and duration.-Types of long-term memory: episodic...
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Loftus and Palmer 1974 Loftus and Palmer Method: Participants shown multiple car crashes videos and asked how fast the cars were going when they ...... 'smashed''collided''bumped''contacted' Results: Highest estimations were ...
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LTM - created from Mind Map Encoding The act of remembering Forgootten and distorted memories
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memory - created from Mind Map Capacity STM = 7+/-2 LTM = potentially unlimited Jacobs (1887) Strengths Weaknesses led to further research findings usefully applied to real world phone numbers, postcodes Lab experiment - lacks mundane realism it is...
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The Cognitive Interview - created from Mind Map Fisher and Geiselman (1992) Components 1. Report everything 2. Mental reinstatement or original context 3. Changing the order 4. Change the perspective Research A meta-analysis of 53 studies an increase of 34% in the ...
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Effects of misleading information on EWT Describe & Evaluate the effects of misleading information on EWTIt appears that misinformation can introduce serious errors into the eyewitness's recall of the event. Loftus (1992) called this misinformation acceptanc...
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Pysc 2200 Exam 4 Chapter 12: Learning and Memory The Nature of Learning learning - refers to the process by which experiences change our nervous system there are 4 basic types of learning: perceptual, stimulus-response, motor, an...
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sperling SPERLING 1960Aim: To indicate the duration of SMMethod: Shown a grid of digits for 50 milliseconds. Either wrote down all 12 or heard a tone and wrote that rowGRID OF DIGITS7 1 v f High tonex l...
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Highly superior autobiographical memory (HSAM) Highly superior autobiographical memory (HSAM) is a condition that causes people to remember almost every single detail of their autobiographical events. Given that patients with amnesia, depression, and/or suicidal t...
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Theories and theorists Chapter 7 ABM and the lifespan Fivush 1996 - Childhood amnesia Howe and Courage 1997- subjective self awareness Conway and Pleydell Pearce 2000 - WS Rubin reminiscence bump: rapid change gives way to stability ABK Conway and Pl...
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Amnesia Separation of autobiographical self from autobiographical time Amnesia causes the “bedrock of autobiographical memory [to be]... eroded and… eventually just as wiped out as in patients with massive destruction of the ...