3300674
Description
Flashcards by harrisoncr, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by harrisoncr
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Describe the elements of a laboratory safety program as applicable to the student microbiology laboratory. | 1. Know the location of all safety equipment and facilities 2. Wear PPE when needed 3. Good personal habits/hygiene 4. No contact lenses 5. No food/drink 6. No pipetting by mouth 7. Know characteristics of materials being used 8. Appropriate labels and signs |
| List and describe the possible routes of laboratory-acquired infections. | Infected human: Aerosols, direct contact, sexual intercourse, oral or nasopharyngeal secretions to eye, and transfusion of blood products Contaminated environment: Food or water, cooling tower drift Infected animal/tick: Animal/tick bite Patient: Aspiration of endogenous flora, spillage of intestinal flora, migration of bacteria |
| Name the agencies who recommend policy for laboratory safety. | National Institute of Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH); a division of CDC Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) |
| Discuss the concept of universal precautions. | To consider every specimen as a risk |
| Describe and practice the general guidelines for safety in the clinical laboratory. -Discuss personal protective equipment and its purpose in the clinical laboratory. | PPE consists of gloves, lab coat, face shield, etc. It protects the wearer from specific hazardous substances. |
| Describe and practice the general guidelines for safety in the clinical laboratory. -Describe safety precautions with specific applications to the microbiology laboratory. | |
| Summarize the criteria for and differentiate Biosafety Levels 1, 2, 3, and 4. | Level 1: Not known to cause disease consistently in healthy adults Level 2: Associated with human disease; Hazard=percutaneous injury, ingestion, or mucous membrane exposure Level 3: Indigenous or exotie agents with potential for aerosol transmission; disease may have serious or lethal consequences Level 4: Dangerous or exotic agents which pose high risk of life-threatening diseases, aerosol transmitted laboratory infections; or related agents with unknown risk of transmission |
| Describe and differentiate the various types of biological safety cabinets. | Class I/Open front: Airflow at front; rear and top through HEPA filter Class II/Type A: Airflow is 70% recirculated through HEPA filter; exhaust through HEPA filter Class II/Type B1: Airflow is 30% recirculated through HEPA filter; exhaust via HEPA filter and hard ducted Class II/Type B2: No recirculation; total exhaust via HEPA filter and hard ducted Class II/Type B3: Same as IIA, but plena under negative pressure to room and exhaust air is deducted Class III: Supply air inlets and exhaust through 2 HEPA filters |
| Define and give examples of sterilizers, disinfectants, and antiseptics. | Sterilizer: to destroy microorganisms in or on, usually by bringing to a high temperature with steam, dry heat, or boiling liquid; autoclave Disinfectant: a chemical liquid that destroys bacteria; Lysol Antiseptic: of, relating to, or denoting substances that prevent the growth of disease-causing microorganisms; iodine |
| State the principle of the autoclave. | Steam penetrates the object(s) in the autoclave, condensation creates negative pressure and draws in additional steam, moist heat kills microorganisms via coagulation of proteins |
| List and define the five types of hazardous chemicals. | |
| Infection | considered to be present when invading microorganisms elicit an observable response from the host |
| Infectious disease | disorders caused by organisms — such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites |
| True pathogen | Those capable of causing disease in health persons with normal immune defenses |
| Opportunistic pathogen | Cause disease when host's defenses are compromised or when they grow in part of the body that is not natural to them |
| Nosocomial infection | an infection not present upon admission to a hospital but incurred while being treated there |
| Endogenous infection | Originating or produced within an organism or one of its parts |
| Exogenous infection | Originate form a source outside of the body |
| Asymptomatic carriage (carriers) | a person or other organism that has contracted an infectious disease, but who displays no symptoms |
| Colonization | The formation of compact population groups of the same type of microorganism, such as the colonies that develop when a bacterial cell begins reproducing |
| Define normal flora and discuss its role in each of the following sites: -Mouth and oral cavity -Nasopharynx -Stomach and small intestine -Colon | The native microbial forms that an individual harbors Mouth and oral cavity: streptococci, lactobacilli, staphylococci, corynebacterium Nasopharynx: streptococci, neisseria Stomach and small intestine: bactericides, clostridium, faecalibacterium, Eubacterium, Ruminococcus, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, and Bifidobacterium |
| List and describe the major routes of infection. | |
| Describe the following host defense mechanisms: -Innate (natural) immunity -Inflammatory response -Acquired immunity -Humoral immunity -Cell-mediated immunity | a |
| Describe the function of B and T cells in the immune response. -List and summarize the characteristics of the human immunoglobulin classes. | a |
| Describe the function of B and T cells in the immune response. -List and state the function of four populations of T cells. | g |
| Define and describe endotoxins and exotoxins. | q |
| List the signs of microbial infection. | f |
| List the laboratory procedures that might be requested to identify infectious disease. | d |
| List the major types of nosocomial infection and describe how such infections are acquired. | g |
| List and discuss the basic concepts for proper specimen collection in diagnostic microbiology. Recognize samples that are not suitable and suggest appropriate corrective action. | a |
| Describe specific collection requirements for each of the following specific sites. Prepare a chart indicating primary isolation media, stains and special considerations to be observed in processing these specimens. -Throat -Nasopharyngeal -Sputum -Urine (clean catch, catheterized, suprapubic) -Wound -Stool -Cerebrospinal fluid -Genital (male urethral, female vaginal and cervical) -Blood | f |
| Discuss proper specimen transport and processing methods. Name the typically used transport media. | a |
| Describe the gross examination of specimens for microbiology. | f |
| List and discuss important quality control measures used in the microbiology laboratory. | g |
| Define and compare the following general concepts of artificial media: -Enrichment media -Supportive media -Selective media -Differential media | f |
| State the purpose, describe the important components, discuss the quality control procedures performed on each lot, and list control organisms and expected results for each of the following media, -Sheep blood agar (SBA) -Columbia colistin-naldixic acid (CNA) -Chocolate agar -Brain-heart infusion media -Chopped meat broth -Thayer-Martin, Modified Thayer-Martin, Martin-Lewis -MacConkey -Sabouraud dextrose agar -Streptococcal selective agar (SSA) -Löwenstein-Jensen agar -Gram-negative broth (GN), selenite broth, tetrathionate broth -Thioglycollate -Hektoen enteric agar (HE), Salmonella-Shigella, xylose-lysine-deoxycholate | j |
| Discuss conditions necessary for growth of microorganisms to include incubation temperatures, atmospheric conditions, pH, and CO2 considerations. | f |
| List and describe the types of hemolysis observed on sheep blood agar. | f |
| Streak an agar plate correctly to obtain isolated colonies. | f |
| Define and differentiate the following terms: -Aerobe and anaerobe -Facultative anaerobe and obligate anaerobe -Mesophile and thermophile | s |
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