Flashcards
Conservation Biology 1
Cards in this deck (21)
- 1Ecosystem servicesThe benefits people obtain from ecosystems
- 2Ecosystem functionsEcological processes that control the flow of energy, nutrient and organic matter through the environment
- 3What are the four categories of ecosystem services?-Supporting
- Provisioning
- Regulating
-Cultural - 4SupportingServices necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services
(ex: soil formation, nutrient and biogeochemical cycling, primary productivity) - 5RegulatingBenefits obtained from regulation of ecosystem processes
Ex: Climate regulation (co2 cycle), water regulation, water purification, biological control of pests and diseases, pollination - 6CulturalNonmaterial benefits obtained from ecosystems
Ex: Recreation and ecotourism, aesthetic and spiritual value - 7Diversity-Productivity HypothesisHigh species richness promotes high primary productivity
- 8Complementary effectSpecies differ in the way they utilize resources (resource partitioning). Hence as species diversity increases, utilization of all resources increases.
- 9Sampling effectA few dominant species are much more productive than all the others. hence, the probability that the community will contain at least one dominate species increases with species richness.
- 10Biodiversity-ecosystem-services hypothesisBiodiversity enhances the benefits people obtain from ecosystems
- 11Biological ControlThe use of natural enemies to control pests
- 12PestAn organism that interferes with human activities
- 13Chemical ControlPesticides
- 14What are the problems with pesticides (chemical control)-Expensive
- Toxic to non-target organisms
- Pesticide resistance
- Pest resugence - 15Theory and Practice-Insects are held in check by natural enemies in their native land
- Species is introduced to foreign land without its natural enemies and becomes a pest
- Go to the native land and find the natural enemies and introduce them to foreign land where the species has become a pest.
-Consistent with the HSS Hypothesis - 16Problems with classical biological controlOnly about 25% of Biological Control Projects in Agro-ecosystems are successful
- 17Direct vs Indirect DamagePests that cause indirect damage (damage to parts of plant that are not marketed) are more likely to be controlled below the economic threshold level than are pests that cause direct damage to marketed parts of plants
- 18Habitat StabilityProjects in orchards are more successful than those in annual crops because the habitats in annual crops are disturbed each year. Hence, when pests colonize crops faster than natural enemies, biological control is unsuccessful.
- 19Multiple vs Single Species Introductionsmany cases of successful biological control are due to a single natural enemy species. Multiple species introduced may cause more harm than good because some predators might impede successful control by the best species.
- 20Alternatives to Classical Biological Control- Rearing and mass release of predators
-Habitat modification
-Subsidize predators with non-pest prey
- Manipulating predators species composition - 21Integrative Pest ManagementPest control using a variety of methods, including chemical control, biological control, and habitat modification.
Information
- Description
- Biology 2B Flashcards on Conservation Biology 1, created by chrisnguyen1640 on 12/12/2013.
- Created by
- chrisnguyen1640
- Views
- 62
- Tags
- Rating