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Bacteria

Description

Mind Map on Bacteria, created by Daniel Mackay on 11/05/2014.
Daniel Mackay
Mind Map by Daniel Mackay, updated more than 1 year ago
Daniel Mackay
Created by Daniel Mackay over 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Bacteria
  1. Gram Positive
    1. Cocci
      1. Chains
        1. Enterococcus
          1. Can be any Haemolysis
            1. Lancefield Gp D antigen
              1. Normal bowel flora
                1. Can have vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE)
                  1. Cause
                    1. UTI
                      1. Endocarditis
                        1. Biliary Tract
                          1. Abdo infections
                          2. Often infects lines
                          3. Streptococcus
                            1. Beta haemolytic
                              1. Group A Strep
                                1. Strep pyogenes
                                  1. Causes
                                    1. Can be non-invasive
                                      1. Pharyngitis
                                        1. Scarlet Fever
                                          1. Skin/soft tissue infections
                                            1. Erysipelas
                                          2. Invasive Infection
                                            1. Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome
                                              1. Necrotising Fasciitis
                                                1. Bacteraemia
                                              2. Virulence Factors
                                                1. Fimbrae/pili
                                                  1. M protein
                                                    1. Haemolysins
                                                      1. Exotoxins
                                                        1. Streptokinase
                                                          1. Htyaluronidase
                                                            1. Strep pyrogenic exotoxin
                                                              1. Super antigen leading to massive release of cytokines
                                                          2. Delayed Antibody-Mediated disease
                                                            1. Rheumatic fever
                                                              1. Fever
                                                                1. myocarditis
                                                                  1. arthritis
                                                                    1. chorea
                                                                      1. nodules
                                                                        1. erythema marginatum
                                                                        2. Acute Post-Strep Gl9omerulonephritis
                                                                    2. Group B Strep
                                                                      1. Strep agalactiae
                                                                        1. Neonatal infection
                                                                          1. 10-40% intermittently colonised in vagina
                                                                          2. At risk adults
                                                                            1. Pneumonia
                                                                              1. Cellulitis
                                                                                1. Bone infection
                                                                                  1. UTI
                                                                                    1. Bacteraemia
                                                                                      1. Endocarditis
                                                                                2. Alpha haemolytic
                                                                                  1. Strep pneumoniae
                                                                                    1. Old Man's Friend
                                                                                      1. Gram positive diploccoci
                                                                                        1. Lancet-shaped
                                                                                          1. Causes
                                                                                            1. Pneumonia= adults
                                                                                              1. Ottis media= children
                                                                                                1. Bacterial meningitis= adults
                                                                                                2. Risk Factors
                                                                                                  1. Asplenia
                                                                                                    1. Co-morbidities
                                                                                                      1. Viral Infection
                                                                                                        1. May be precursor
                                                                                                        2. Immune Deficiencies
                                                                                                      2. Viridans streptococci
                                                                                                        1. S. sanguis
                                                                                                          1. S. mutans
                                                                                                            1. S. mitis
                                                                                                              1. S. salivarus
                                                                                                                1. Commensals of the Upper Respiratory and GI tract
                                                                                                                  1. Few virulence factors
                                                                                                                    1. Associated with dental caries
                                                                                                                      1. Cause of bacterial endocarditis
                                                                                                                    2. Other haemolytic
                                                                                                                      1. Strep. milleri
                                                                                                                        1. Strep. anginosus
                                                                                                                          1. S. constellatus
                                                                                                                            1. S. intermedius
                                                                                                                              1. Often alpha-haemolytic but can be beta or non-haemolytic
                                                                                                                                1. Lancefield group F antigen
                                                                                                                                  1. Cause of abcess
                                                                                                                                    1. Abdominal cavity
                                                                                                                                      1. Chest
                                                                                                                                        1. Brain
                                                                                                                                2. Clusters
                                                                                                                                  1. Staphylococcus
                                                                                                                                    1. Stapylococuss aureus
                                                                                                                                      1. Coagulase positive
                                                                                                                                        1. Significant pathogen
                                                                                                                                          1. Never a contaminate on blood cultures
                                                                                                                                            1. MSSA
                                                                                                                                              1. MRSA
                                                                                                                                                1. Causes
                                                                                                                                                  1. Pneumonia
                                                                                                                                                    1. Cellultiis
                                                                                                                                                      1. Septic arthritis
                                                                                                                                                        1. Infective endocarditis
                                                                                                                                                          1. Line associated infection
                                                                                                                                                          2. Exotoxin Release
                                                                                                                                                            1. Toxic Shock syndrome
                                                                                                                                                              1. TSST-1
                                                                                                                                                              2. Scalded skin syndrome
                                                                                                                                                                1. Exfoliatin toxin
                                                                                                                                                                2. Food poisoning
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Enterotoxin
                                                                                                                                                              3. Staphylococcus Epidermidis
                                                                                                                                                                1. Coagulase Negative
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Oppurtunistice infection
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Device based
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Normally found on skin
                                                                                                                                                                    3. Staphylococcus saprophyticus
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Coagulase negative
                                                                                                                                                                        1. UTI in women
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Bacilli
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Spore Forming
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Bacillus spp
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Bacillus anthracis
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Capsule
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Cutaneous/inhalational/gastrointestinal infection
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Medusa head appearance
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Exotoxin
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Oedema factor
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Protective antigen
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Lethal factor
                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Bacillus cereus
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Food poisoning
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Heat resistant spores
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Enterotoxins
                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Post-traumatic opthalmitis
                                                                                                                                                                                          3. Aerobic
                                                                                                                                                                                          4. Clostridium spp
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Clostridium botulinum
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Toxin
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Binds to presynaptic nerve endings blocking Ach release causing descending flaccid paralysis
                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Clostridium tetani
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Terminal spore
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Drumstick appearance
                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Toxin prevents release of inhibitory neurotransmitters
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Sustained tetanic contraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Lockjaw
                                                                                                                                                                                                    3. Clostridium difficile
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Cause of antibiotic associated diarrhoea
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Pseudomembranous colitis
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Antibiotic stewardship and infection control for prevention
                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Anaerobic
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Gas gangrene
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. C. perfingens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. C. novyi
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. C. septicum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Clostridial myonecrosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Signs?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Rapidly spreading oedema
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Myositis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Tissue necrosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Toxaemia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Polymicrobial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Non-spore Forming
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Listeria spp
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Listeria monocytogenes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Factoids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Tumbling motility
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Exhibit beta haemolysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Has endotoxin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Food usual transmission
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Grows over range of temperatures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Important pathogen in:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Pregnant women
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Neonates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Immunocomprimised adults
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Elderly
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Corynebacterium spp
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Angular or palisade arrangements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Respiratory infection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Toxin production
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. pseudomembrane formation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Swelling and obstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Mass vaccination has removed it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Gram Negative
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Cocci
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Neisseria spp
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Neisseria meningitidis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. 5% pop carriers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Meningeal coccal disease
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Meningitis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Bacteraemia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Virulence factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Capsule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Serotype A,B & C cause meningitis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Endotoxin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Vascular Necrosis and haemorrhage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3. Vaccine for A & C
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  4. Neisseria gonorrhoea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. No capsule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. STI
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Urethritis Men
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. PID women
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Rarely
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Septic arthritis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Bacteraemia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Opthalmia neonatorum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3. Bacilli
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Enterobacteriacae
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Non-lactose fermenting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Ecoli
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Commensal GIT
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Common cause UTI
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Pneumonia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Intra-abdo inf
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Bacteraemia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Commonest G-ve
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Meningitis in neonates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Enteropathogenic Ecoli
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Enterotoxigenic Ecoli
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Cholera like illness
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Enteropathogenic Ecoli
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Infantile Gastroenteritis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Verocytotoxin Producing Ecoli
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Ecoli 0157
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Can lead to HUS TTP
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    3. Enterobacter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Normal Intestinal Flora
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Can cause
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Pneumonia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. UTIs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Wound infections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Klebsiella
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3. Lactose fermenting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Serratia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Proteus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Highly motile
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. "Swarms"
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. common cause UTIs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Salmonella
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Non capsulate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Not normal Gut
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. >2000 antigenic types
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Diarrhoeal disease
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. S.typhi & S.paratyphi
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Cause typhoid
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Shigella
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Low infective dose
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Gastroenteritis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3. Non-enterobacteriacae
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Pseudomonas aeurginosa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Strict Anaerobes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Normal GIT
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Can colonise other sites eg. leg ulcers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Infection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Burns
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. CF
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Bronchiectasis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. UTIs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. More than 1 antibiotic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                3. Burkholderia cepacia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Significant pathogen in CF patients
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Multiply antibiotic resistant organism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Cause of hospital acquired infections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Acinetopbacter spp.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Survive well in environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Can be multiply resistant
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Small Gram negative bacilli or cocco-bacilli
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Haemophilus influenzae
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Can be capsulate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Type B
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Epiglottitis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Meningitis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Vaccination
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Common causes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. LRTIs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Ottis Media
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Legionella pneumophila
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Atypical Pneumonia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Slow growing needing special media
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Transmission
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. aerolisation of contaminated water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Urinary Ag used in Dx
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Curved Gram negative rods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Campylobacter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Foodborne
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Cramping abdo pain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Bloody diarrhoea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Heliobacter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Peptic ulcer disease
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Vibrio cholerae
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Contaminated water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Watery diarrhoea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Rice water stools
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