Balantidium coli

Annotations:

• direct with 2 stages

1. Trophozoite
   1. Ciliated
   2. In host
   3. Create lesions by multiplication in intestine
   4. Found in faeces
2. Cyst
   1. Infective stage in environment
   2. Found in faeces

1. Balantidiasis
   1. Incubation Period: 4-5 days
   2. Ulcers in colon may penetrate submucosa
      1. Flask- shaped ulcers and secondary bacterial infection
   3. Us. results in dysentery
      1. Acute diarrhea
      2. weight loss
      3. vomiting
      4. Colic

         Annotations:

         • Severe pain in abdomen caused by wind or obstruction of intestines
      5. Weakness
      6. Poor growth

1. Examination of faeces
   1. Loose stool contain trophozoites
   2. Formed/ constipated stool contains cysts
2. Trophozoites
   1. Lgest protozoa found in faeces
   2. Up to 200 * 150 micrometers
   3. Cilia fuzzy appearance
   4. Not infective
   5. Macronucleus
   6. Micronucleus
   7. Contractile vacuole
   8. Cystostome
   9. Slow, rotary motion
3. Cysts
   1. Distinctive wall, spherical
   2. Kidney shaped macronucleus
   3. Average diameter 55 micrometer
   4. Hard stool
   5. Infective

1. Diiodohydroxyquin
2. Metronidazole (Flagyl)
   1. 30 mg/kg for SID for 5dys PO
3. Oxytetracycline
   1. Most effective and common: 10 dys

1. Improve sanitation/ plumbing/ personal hygiene
2. Keep pig habitat and waste separate from human housing
3. Cysts resistant: survive for weeks outside
   1. Killed by household disinfectants
   2. Boil drinking water
4. Treat asymptomatic carriers