Diet and Exercise

Diet and Exercise

1. Diet and Exercise

   • Metabolic rate
     • The rate at which the body chemical reactions occur in your body
     • Muscle needs more energy than fatty tissue
       • Regular exercise can boost metabolic rate
         • Builds muscle to boost metabolic rate
       • Men tend to have a slightly higher rate than women
     • Physically bigger people are likely to have a higher metabolic rate
       • More cells means more energy your body needs
     • Genetic factors can affect this
   • Diet
     • Balanced
       • Carbohydrates
         • Release energy
       • Fats
         • Keep warm
         • Release energy
       • Protein
         • Growth
         • Cell repair
         • Cell replacement
       • Fibre
         • Keeps everything smooth through the digestive system
       • Vitamins and mineral ions
         • Keep skin, bones blood etc. healthy
     • Unbalanced
       • Obesity
         • Eating too much
         • Excess carbohydrates or fat
         • Common in MEDCS
           • 20% over max recommended body mass
         • Causes
           • Hormonal problems
           • Bad diet
           • Overeating
           • Lack of exercise
         • Health problems
           • Arthritis
           • Type 2 diabetes
           • High blood pressure
             • Too much salt
           • Heart disease
           • Cancer
           • Increased blood cholestrol
             • Too much saturated fat
       • Malnutrition
         • Common in LEDCS
           • Lack of food
         • Effects depend on what's lacking
           • Slow growth
           • Fatigue
           • Poor resistance to infection
           • Irregular periods
         • Deficiency disease
           • Lack of vitamins and minerals
           • Eg. Lack of Vitamin C can cause scurvy
             • Problems with skin, joints and gums

2. Exercise

   • Increases amount of energy used by the body
     • Decreases amount stored as fat
   • Builds muscle to boost metabolic rate
   • People who exercise regularly are healthier
     • Less likely to suffer from health problems
   • Can still be malnourished if you're physically fit
     • Diet isn't balanced

3. Inherited factors

   • Health can depend on genes
   • Affect their metabolic rate
     • Underactive thyroid gland
       • Lowers metabolic rate
         • Obesity
   • Affect blood cholesterol levels
     • Increases heart disease
     • Cholesterol is a fatty substance found in every cell