Flashcards
BMS03-1012- Cell Signalling 1
Cards in this deck (13)
- 1What are the functions of cell signalling?1. Growth/division/diffrentiation
2. Mobilise energy
3. Death
4. Secretion - 2Endocrine signalling is to...The bloodstream
- 3Paracrine signalling is to...THe adjacent cell
- 4Autocrine signalling is to...Back to own cell
- 5What are the 4 types of cell signalling?1. Hormone/growth factors
2. Metabolic regulators
3. Neurotransmitters
4. Inflammatory mediators - 6What are the three classes of cell receptors?1. Ionotropic
2. Metabotropic
3. Catalytic - 7What is the function of the G Protein?Carries info from receptor to effector enzyme
- 8What is the structure of the G protein?Hetrotrimeric with alpha, beta and gamma subunits
- 9How is adenylyl cyclase stimulated?1. Hormone binds to receptor
2. Receptor undergoes conformational change, attracts G protein (GDP bound)
3. GDP-->GTP on G protein
4. G protein disassociates
5. Alpha subunit of G protein catalyses adenylyl cyclase by binding
6. Adenylyl cyclase produces cAMP
7. GTP-->GDP via hydrolysis, G protein reassembles - 10What does adenylyl cyclase produce?cAMP
- 11In the fight or flight response, what does cAMP do?Increases PKA production, which increases glucose in the bloodstream by:
1. Stimulating glycogen phosphorylase kinase which stimulates glygocen phosphorylase
2. Inhibits glycogen synthase - 12How does cAMP stimulate glucagon?1. Binds to PKA
2. PKA falls apart, liberating catalytic subunit
3. Serine/theronine phosphorylated, leading to:
a. Short term metabolic signalling actions
b. phosphorylation of CRED which changes gene expression, increases glucose/glutamate transporter - 13What is the structure of the 7 transmembrane receptor (GPCR)?7 LOOPS WITH A nh3+ on the left and COO- on the right
longer loop between loop 5-6
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- Outline the concept of ‘chemical signalling’ and give examples of molecules involved (e.g. hormones, growth factors, neurotransmitters). Explain what is meant by ‘target cells’ in terms of the presence of receptors. Explain the term ‘second messengers’. Describe the transmembrane signalling systems operating via cyclic AMP (cAMP). Indicate the end result in the cell of this type of cascade process, and give examples of the metabolic and physiological consequences.
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- Evian Chai
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