aggression

aggression

1. social learning theory

   • evaluation of social learning theory
   • direct and vicarious experiance
     • social learning theory: children learn to be aggressive by observing the behaviour of those around them, eespecially parent or older siblings.by seeing others rewarded or pumished for aggressive behaviours the child experiences vicarious reinforcement.
     • traditional learning theory : learning by direct experience based on operant conditioning. if agressive behaviour is reinforced then it is more likely to occur in future similar situations.
     • children that have high self-efficacy will be more likely to use aggressive behaviours than children with low self- efficacy
   • mental representation of aggressive behaviours
     • Bandura (1986):
       • for social learning to take place, individuals must be
     • Huesmann (1988) :
       • suggests that children learn their agressive behaviour from models on TV, they become the source of 'scripts' that guide the childs behaviour.
   • research on social learning and agression
     • bandura et al
       • The aim of these experiments were to demonstrate: a teaching effect - where the child acquires the behaviour being modeled and a motivation effect - which makes the the reproduction of the behaviour more or less likely
         • Bobo Doll #1 (1961)
           • METHOD: involved children watching either aggressive or non-aggressive adult models and then being tested for their imitative behaviour. half were shown non aggressive model and half shown aggressive. following exposure to the models, children were frustrated by not being allowed to play with toys shown to them. then were taken to a a room where there was a Bobo doll.
             • RESULTS: children exposed to agressive models displayed far more verbal and physical compared to the non aggressive model. children who had seen a non agresive model displayed virtually no aggression towards the doll.
         • Bobo Doll #2 (1963)
           • METHOD:

2. Deindividuation