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Neoplasia

Amirul Aiman Pathology RCSI IC1 English

Mind map: Neoplasia

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Neoplasia

Definition
- Neoplasm
  - Uncontrolled cell proliferation leading to mass or nodule
  - non reactive to stimuli
  - PUPAP
    - Parasitic
    - Uncontrolled
    - Purposeless
    - Autonomous
    - Progressive
- Tumour
  - lump or mass of any cause
- Hyperplasia
  - controlled cell proliferation
  - reactive to stimuli
- Benign
  - cannot metastasize
- Malignant
  - have ability to metastasize
Classification
- Primary
  - Benign
    - Micro
      - Nuclear features
        Pleomorphism
        Hyperchromasia
        High mitotic index
        High Nuclear/cytoplasm ratio
      - Architectual
        disruption of architecture
        loss of maturation
    - Macro
      - Well circumscribed
      - Often encapsulated
      - Rarely
        Haemorrhage
        Necrosis
    - Epithelium
      - Squamous
        Papilloma
      - Glandular
        Adenoma
      - Transitional
        Transitional/Urothelial Papilloma
    - Connective tissue
      - Fat
        Lipoma
      - Nerve
        Neuroma
      - Vessel
        Angioma
      - Cartiledge
        Chondroma
    - Behaviour
      - grow
      - not metastasize
      - CoDeath
        blood loss
      - Local spread
  - Malignant
    - Micro
      - Loss of Maturation
      - Hyperchromasia
      - Mitoses
      - High N/C ratio
      - Pleomorphism
    - Surg non curative
      - Add chemo
    - Type
      - Common
        Carcinoma
        Lymphoma
        Leukemia
        Sarcoma
        Malignan Melanoma
      - Uncommon
        Mixed Neoplasm
        Carcinosarcoma
        Embryonic Neoplasm
        Germcell neoplasm
        Glial Neoplasm
    - Macro
      - Haemorrhage
      - Necrosis
      - Invasion
  - Borderline
    - nuclear features suggest malignancy
      - unsure
- Secondary (Metastasis)
Clinical Presentation
- Benign
  - Lump
  - Bleeding
    - Heamatemasis
    - Haemoptysis
    - Malaena
    - Per vagina
    - Fe deficiency anemia
  - Mass effect
    - Cerebral stroke
    - GIT obstruction
    - Prostatic Outflow
  - Pain
- Malignant
  - Effect of primary
    - Mass
    - Bleeding
      - Haematemasis
      - Haemoptysis
      - p.v
      - p.r
      - Malaena
      - Fe def anemia
    - Obstruction
    - Loss of Fx
  - Effect of metastasis
    - Same as primary
  - Hormone Production
    - ACTH from small cell ca
      - Cushing syndrome
    - Estrogen from testicular tumour
      - Gynaecomastia
  - Paraneoplastic
    - Peripheral neuropathy
    - Dermatomyositis
  - General effects
    - Weight loss
    - Fatigue
    - Anorexia
    - Lassitude

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Description: RCSI IC1 Pathology (Cancer) Mind Map on Neoplasia, created by Amirul Aiman on 17/04/2018.
Created by: Amirul Aiman
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Neoplasia

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